Effects of forestclearcut edges on a forest-breeding songbird

Harris, Rebecca J.; Reed, J. Michael

doi:10.1139/z02-076

Cited by 16 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…For example, Flaspohler et al (2001) examined whether edge effects could affect population growth rates of ovenbirds. Although nest predation increased near edges, clutch size was higher, thereby offsetting predation and causing estimates of population growth rates to be similar for edge and interior habitats (see also Harris & Reed 2002). Also, the degree to which edges are important depends on the strength of the response and the relative amount of edge in a landscape (With & King 2001, Fletcher 2003.…”

Section: Population and Community Consequencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological Responses to Habitat Edges: Mechanisms, Models, and Variability Explained

Ries

Fletcher

Battin

et al. 2004

Annu. Rev. Ecol. Evol. Syst.

1,154

1,052

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Key Words ecological boundary, ecotone, edge effect, effective area model, core area model, habitat fragmentation ■ Abstract Edge effects have been studied for decades because they are a key component to understanding how landscape structure influences habitat quality. However, making sense of the diverse patterns and extensive variability reported in the literature has been difficult because there has been no unifying conceptual framework to guide research. In this review, we identify four fundamental mechanisms that cause edge responses: ecological flows, access to spatially separated resources, resource mapping, and species interactions. We present a conceptual framework that identifies the pathways through which these four mechanisms can influence distributions, ultimately leading to new ecological communities near habitat edges. Next, we examine a predictive model of edge responses and show how it can explain much of the variation reported in the literature. Using this model, we show that, when observed, edge responses are largely predictable and consistent. When edge responses are variable for the same species at the same edge type, observed responses are rarely in opposite directions. We then show how remaining variability may be understood within our conceptual frameworks. Finally, we suggest that, despite all the research in this area, the development of tools to extrapolate edge responses to landscapes has been slow, restricting our ability to use this information for conservation and management.

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Section: Population and Community Consequencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological Responses to Habitat Edges: Mechanisms, Models, and Variability Explained

Ries

Fletcher

Battin

et al. 2004

Annu. Rev. Ecol. Evol. Syst.

1,154

1,052

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“…In each patch, we established 1-4 sample points beginning 75 m from clearly identifiable forest edges (i.e., roads, recent clear-cuts [,10 years]) and proceeding at 250 m intervals toward the patch center. In forest mosaics, such ''hard'' edges are the most likely to result in decreased habitat quality (Harris andReed 2002, Manolis et al 2002). If patches were surrounded by multiple hard edges, as was often the case, location of transect entry point was determined randomly.…”

Section: Landscape Variables and Study Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Independent Effects Of Fragmentation On Forest Songbirds: An Organism-Based Approach

Betts

Forbes

Diamond

et al. 2006

Ecological Applications

137

126

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The degree to which spatial patterns influence the dynamics and distribution of populations is a central question in ecology. This question is even more pressing in the context of rapid habitat loss and fragmentation, which threaten global biodiversity. However, the relative influence of habitat loss and landscape fragmentation, the spatial patterning of remaining habitat, remains unclear. If landscape pattern affects population size, managers may be able to design landscapes that mitigate habitat loss. We present the results of a mensurative experiment designed to test four habitat loss vs. fragmentation hypotheses. Unlike previous studies, we measured landscape structure using quantitative, spatially explicit habitat distribution models previously developed for two species: Blackburnian Warbler (Dendroica fusca) and Ovenbird (Seiurus aurocapilla). We used a stratified sampling design that reduced the confounding of habitat amount and fragmentation variables. Occurrence and reoccurrence of both species were strongly influenced by characteristics at scales greater than the individual territory, indicating little support for the random-sample hypothesis. However, the type and spatial extent of landscape influence differed. Both occurrence and reoccurrence of Blackburnian Warblers were influenced by the amount of poor-quality matrix at 300- and 2000-m spatial extents. The occurrence and reoccurrence of Ovenbirds depended on a landscape pattern variable, patch size, but only in cases when patches were isolated. These results support the hypothesis that landscape pattern is important for some species only when the amount of suitable habitat is low. Although theoretical models have predicted such an interaction between landscape fragmentation and composition, to our knowledge this is the first study to report empirical evidence of such nonlinear fragmentation effects. Defining landscapes quantitatively from an organism-based perspective may increase power to detect fragmentation effects, particularly in forest mosaics where boundaries between patches and matrix are ambiguous. Our results indicate that manipulating landscape pattern may reduce negative impacts of habitat loss for Ovenbird, but not Blackburnian Warbler. We emphasize that most variance in the occurrence of both species was explained by local scale or landscape composition variables rather than variables reflecting landscape pattern.

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“…Our results agree with other studies of migratory New World warblers showing that older males exclude younger males from preferred habitats (Sherry & Holmes, ; Holmes et al ., ; Harris & Reed, ). However, ours is the first study we know of to demonstrate age‐related segregation in a bird based on road density.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Opposite but analogous effects of road density on songbirds with contrasting habitat preferences

Butler

Ries

Bisson

et al. 2012

Animal Conservation

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Roads are a widespread and growing form of habitat alteration, making their effects on wildlife a major conservation concern. We investigated effects of roads on occupancy patterns and stress physiology of the golden-cheeked warbler Setophaga chrysoparia, an endangered songbird that depends on large tracts of old-growth forest for breeding. We compared those effects in the white-eyed vireo Vireo griseus, a common songbird that prefers to breed in scrubby habitat that is common along forest roads. In warblers, older, socially dominant males were more likely to occupy territories, but had higher baseline plasma concentrations of corticosterone, in less-roaded habitats. In vireos, older males were equally likely to occupy territories, but, opposite to warblers, had lower baseline corticosterone concentrations, in less-roaded habitats. In both species, the corticosterone response to acute stress was unrelated to road density, and body condition and fat stores either increased or were sustained across road density groups during the breeding season, suggesting that breeding near roads did not cause chronic stress. Our results suggest that roads can cause increased male-male competition for territories in nearby roadless habitat, and may result in higher corticosterone concentrations in dominant individuals defending preferred sites near or far from edge, depending on species habitat preferences. Increased competition and chronically elevated corticosterone levels may be of concern if they alter parental care or immunity of individuals breeding in the best habitat. bs_bs_banner Animal Conservation. Print ISSN 1367-9430 Animal Conservation 16 (2013) 77-85

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Effects of forestclearcut edges on a forest-breeding songbird

Cited by 16 publications

References 69 publications

Ecological Responses to Habitat Edges: Mechanisms, Models, and Variability Explained

Ecological Responses to Habitat Edges: Mechanisms, Models, and Variability Explained

Independent Effects Of Fragmentation On Forest Songbirds: An Organism-Based Approach

Opposite but analogous effects of road density on songbirds with contrasting habitat preferences

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Effects of forestclearcut edges on a forest-breeding songbird

Cited by 16 publications

References 69 publications

Ecological Responses to Habitat Edges: Mechanisms, Models, and Variability Explained

Ecological Responses to Habitat Edges: Mechanisms, Models, and Variability Explained

Independent Effects Of Fragmentation On Forest Songbirds: An Organism-Based Approach

Opposite but analogous effects of road density on songbirds with contrasting habitat preferences

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Effects of forestclearcut edges on a forest-breeding songbird