Effects of forest wildfire on inner-Alpine bird community dynamics

Abstract

As major disturbance agents, natural catastrophes impact habitats, thereby maintaining the dynamics of ecological communities. Such discrete events are expected to positively affect biodiversity because they generate high habitat heterogeneity and thus numerous ecological niche opportunities. Species typical of open and semi-open habitats, which are often of high conservation concern in modern anthropized landscapes, may benefit most from recurrent natural catastrophes that regularly reset ecosystems. We investigated bird community changes and species-specific responses to wildfire at two recently burnt temperate, montane-subalpine forest stands in an inner-Alpine Swiss valley, with a special focus on red-listed and conservation priority species. We compared bird community changes in burnt forests (spanning 13 years) with bird assemblages occurring in adjacent non-burned forest stands that served as quasi-experimental controls. Strong species-specific responses to wildfire were evidenced, resulting in a dramatic post-fire decrease in overall bird abundance and species richness. Yet, red-listed bird species and conservation priority species in Switzerland were substantially more common in burnt than in control forest stands. Many red-listed species showed a bell-shaped numeric response to wildfire over time, suggesting low habitat suitability just after fire, high habitat suitability at pioneer and early stages of vegetation succession, followed by a long-term decrease in suitability while vegetation becomes denser, especially at ground level. As established for Mediterranean regions where wildfires are especially frequent, this study shows that forest fires can also boost the populations of red-listed and priority bird species typical of open and semi-open habitats in temperate biomes. Prescribed forest fire might represent a management option for preserving threatened elements of biodiversity despite the intense public debate it will trigger.

Community Structure, Conservation Status, and Functional Groups of Bird Species in Mbeya Range Forests, Tanzania

“…Nevertheless, ongoing anthropogenic activities, e.g., logging and forest fires in MRFRs, may affect insect diversity and other resources required by birds for living [2,21]. Despite the fact that frugivore birds are less abundant in MRFRs, they are still important as they disperse seeds [14].…”

“…Chowfin and Leslie [3] and Sodhi et al [8] also pointed out that the decrease in species richness and abundance of birds in forests is due to habitat loss. Severe habitat degradation and/or loss due to human activities may lead to local extinctions of bird species [20][21][22]. As a result, most threatened bird species across the world have been listed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) on the red list as critically endangered (CR), endangered (EN), or vulnerable (VU).…”

Passage of Wheat Fire Impact on Soil Properties and Environment in Kurdistan Region

“…The median cumulative carbon dioxide and methane emissions were 257.7 Tg and 0.9 Tg, respectively, under projected climate and wildfire in Sierra Nevada of California, and also was demonstrated that climate change increases in area burned, which affects the atmosphere to ongoing decades (1, 43). Biomass burning is a major contributor to accumulate total suspended particles, which was estimated it's acute effect on asthma hospital admissions in Brazil (35). Levoglucosan is an organic compound and a unique tracer for biomass burning processes, a study showed that biomass burning activities throughout the year in Beijing led to high ambient levoglucosan concentrations and low winter to summer ratios of levoglucosan when was compared with North America and Europe (10).…”