Effects of four analgesic treatments on the behaviouraland cortisol responses of 3-week-old lambs to tail docking

Graham, M.J.; Kent, J.E.; Molony, V.

doi:10.1016/s1090-0233(97)80013-5

Cited by 93 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…In previous studies in lambs, cortisol concentrations after docking were markedly reduced when local anesthetic was administered immediately before docking (Graham et al, 1997;Kent et al, 1998). Lambs are commonly tail docked by applying a constrictive rubber ring to the base of the tail, thereby reducing blood flow to the distal portion of the tail.…”

Section: Sutherland Davis and Mcglonementioning

confidence: 99%

“…General anesthetic agents cause a state of unconsciousness and thereby a complete absence of pain sensation. The ability of local and general anesthetic agents to effectively mitigate pain caused by painful husbandry procedures, such as tail docking and castration in lambs and pigs has been evaluated in the literature (McGlone et al, 1993;Graham et al, 1997;Kent et al, 1998;Gerritzen et al, 2008). However, research describing the efficacy of local or general anesthesia to alleviate pain caused by tail docking in pigs is limited.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the majority of research on evaluating methods to alleviate the pain caused by docking has been conducted in lambs. Injecting local anesthetic subcutaneously into the tail reduced the cortisol response to ring docking in lambs (Graham et al, 1997;Kent et al, 1998). One disadvantage of using local anesthesia is the necessity to repeatedly handle the animal; once to administer the local anesthetic and the second time to perform the painful procedure, possibly leading to increased stress experienced by the animal (Marchant-Forde et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effect of local or general anesthesia on the physiology and behavior of tail docked pigs

Sutherland

Davis

McGlone

2011

Animal

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Tail docking of pigs is a routine procedure on farms to help control tail-biting behavior; however, docking can cause pain. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of local or general anesthesia on the physiology (experiment 1) and behavior (experiment 2) of tail docked pigs. Pigs were allocated to one of six treatment groups: (i) sham docking (CON); (ii) docking using conventional cutting (CUT) with side-cutting pliers; (iii) CUT docking plus local anesthesia injected immediately before docking (LA); (iv) CUT docking plus short-acting local anesthesia applied topically to the tail wound (SHORT); (v) CUT docking plus longacting anesthesia applied topically to the tail wound (LONG) and (vi) CUT docking while the pig was anesthetized with carbon dioxide gas (CO 2 ). In experiment 1, blood samples were collected from pigs (10 pigs per treatment) before and 30, 60 and 120 min after docking to measure leukocyte counts and percentages and cortisol concentrations. In experiment 2, the above treatments were repeated (10 pigs per treatment); the percentage of stress vocalizations were recorded during the administration of the treatments and behavior was recorded for up to 120 min after docking or handling. All pigs were weighed before and 24 h after docking and wound healing was recorded until weaning. The neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio was greater (P , 0.05) in CUT, LA, SHORT and LONG compared with CON pigs. At 30 min, cortisol concentrations were greater (P , 0.05) in CUT, LA, LONG and CO 2 compared with CON pigs. Cortisol concentrations did not differ ( P . 0.05) between SHORT and CON pigs 30 min after docking. Cortisol concentrations did not differ (P . 0.05) among pigs given pain relief at the time of docking compared with pigs' docked without pain relief. Body weight change and wound scores did not differ (P . 0.05) among treatments. The percentage of stress vocalizations increased (P , 0.05) in CUT, SHORT and LONG, but not in CON, LA and CO 2 pigs in response to docking or handling. The percentage of time pigs spent lying without contact after docking tended to be greater (P 5 0.06) in CUT pigs compared with all other docking treatments and CON pigs. In this study, none of the anesthesia treatments tested were effective at significantly changing the physiological or behavioral response to tail docking in pigs.

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Section: Sutherland Davis and Mcglonementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effect of local or general anesthesia on the physiology and behavior of tail docked pigs

Sutherland

Davis

McGlone

2011

Animal

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“…Comparisons of different methods of docking have been extensively studied primarily in lambs (e.g. Lester et al, 1991;Graham et al, 1997), leading to some classifications of these procedures based on acute distress responses to these procedures (Mellor and Stafford, 2000;see, however, Dinnis et al, 1999 for limitations of such classifications).…”

Section: Cosmetic Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, studies focussing on other mammals showed the painful character of amputations performed without anaesthesia. For instance, docking has been shown to be painful in dogs (review in Bennett and Perini (2003); http://www.defra.gov.uk/animalh/welfare/domestic/awbill consulttaildocking.pdf), sheep (Molony et al, 1993;Graham et al, 1997;Kent et al, 1998) and cattle (review in Stull et al, 2002;Aubry, 2005). Both castration and docking of piglets have also been shown to induce specific behavioural changes, such as vocalisations (Noonan et al, 1994;Weary et al, 1998;Marx et al, 2003;Puppe et al, 2005), activity disturbances and abnormal movements of the mutilated areas Hay et al, 2003).…”

Section: Cosmetic Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tail docking in horses: a review of the issues

Lefebvre¹,

Lips

Ödberg

et al. 2007

Animal

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Routinely performed painful procedures are of increasing interest and, in 2001 (Royal Order, May 17), Belgium prohibited docking in several vertebrates including horses. In 2004, opponents to this decision submitted a Bill (Doc51 0969/001) to Parliament, intending to obtain derogation for Belgian draught horses, which were traditionally docked. The Animal Welfare Council of Belgium, an official body advising the Minister of Public Health, was asked to evaluate this complex question, including biological, ethical and socio-economic aspects, on the basis of the available peer-reviewed studies. In this context, this study reviews legal aspects (overview of the European legislation), zootechnic aspects (uses of the Belgian draught horse) and biological aspects (pain potentially related to docking; horses’ welfare linked to insect harassment and hygiene, communication and reproduction) of tail docking in draught horses. We conclude that (1) there is no benefit for horses in tail docking, including Belgian draught horses, (2) potential advantages of docking are essentially in favour of humans and these advantages could be scrupulously re-evaluated, taking into account practices of other countries. Therefore, there is no need to dock any horse other than for veterinary reasons.

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Pain in Farm Animals: Nature, Recognition, and Management

Benson¹

2004

The Well‐Being of Farm Animals

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Effects of four analgesic treatments on the behaviouraland cortisol responses of 3-week-old lambs to tail docking

Cited by 93 publications

References 23 publications

The effect of local or general anesthesia on the physiology and behavior of tail docked pigs

The effect of local or general anesthesia on the physiology and behavior of tail docked pigs

Tail docking in horses: a review of the issues

Pain in Farm Animals: Nature, Recognition, and Management

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