Effects of four N-based additives on imitation gold plating

Ding, Lifeng; Liu, Fan; Cheng, Jinrong; Niu, Yulan

doi:10.1007/s10800-018-1148-8

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 39 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The adverse effects of excessive fluoride on health 1 and equipment 2 have received significant attention in recent years. Industries involving semiconductor production, 3 electroplating, 4 glass and ceramic production, rubber and fertilizer manufacturing, and coal power plants 5 discharge high-fluoride wastewater. The fluoride concentration in industrial effluent is generally very high, ranging from tens to thousands of milligrams per liter.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient Removal of Fluoride by Complexation Extraction: Mechanism and Thermodynamics

Zhang

et al. 2019

Environ. Sci. Technol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A complexation extraction system was designed to develop a new process for the efficient removal of fluoride from solutions, such as zinc or copper electrolytes or wastewater derived from flue gas. The effects of the boron fluoride molar ratio, organic phase composition, initial pH, temperature, and phase volume ratio on the extraction efficiency were investigated. The extraction efficiency was found to increase with the increase in the boron fluoride molar ratio, Alamine336 concentration, and phase volume ratio, whereas it decreased with the increase in temperature. For the simulated electrolyte or wastewater derived from flue gas, the majority of metallic ions were insensitive to the extraction, with the exception of Al3+ and Fe3+. Fluoride decreased from 5 g/L to 0.05 g/L after two-stage cross-flow extraction alone; with an extraction efficiency of 99%. Both the stripping and cycling properties were excellent when sodium hydroxide was employed as the stripping reagent. Furthermore, the loading capacity was 43.4 g/L, and increased by four times, when boric acid was added. This novel process implies a wide range of potential applications, such as the removal of unwanted fluoride ions from various high-fluoride polluted solutions and the simplification of brine phase diagram.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient Removal of Fluoride by Complexation Extraction: Mechanism and Thermodynamics

Zhang

et al. 2019

Environ. Sci. Technol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…33,36 Reduction of the Pb-EDTA chelates can form uniform metal films and the EDTA molecules can be reused for further binding. 33,[37][38][39] However, these films are generally not tested as a battery material. Thus, we posited that chelators could be used in a two-step process involving: (1) removal of large, inactive PbSO 4 crystals to reactivate damaged electrodes and (2) electrodeposition of fresh electrode material from the Pb-chelator solution (Scheme 1).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Reconstruction of Lead Acid Battery Negative Electrodes after Hard Sulfation Using Controlled Chelation Chemistry

Gossage

Guo

Hatfield

et al. 2020

J. Electrochem. Soc.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Lead acid batteries (LABs) remain an inexpensive energy storage technology with a wide application base. However, their short cycle lifetimes necessitate improved recycling and maintenance technologies to combat their various failure modes. One major cause of failure is hard sulfation, where the formation of large PbSO 4 crystals on the negative active material impedes electron transfer. Here, we introduce a protocol to remove hard sulfate deposits on the negative electrode while maintaining their electrochemical viability for subsequent electrodeposition into active Pb. Soaking the hard sulfate negative electrode in an alkaline EDTA solution reshaped the surface by solubilizing PbSO 4 to Pb-EDTA while avoiding underlying Pb phases. Thereafter, we explored electrodeposition of the Pb-EDTA complex as fresh electrode material and found reduction of Pb-EDTA required lower deposition overpotentials with decreasing pH. We used electrodeposited films on gold to demonstrate cycling of the restored active Pb in H 2 SO 4 . The film's capacity gradually faded with cycling and PbSO 4 formation, alike to commercial LABs. Lastly, we demonstrated the electrodeposition of Pb directly onto negative electrodes from a commercial LAB. Our unique approach seeds opportunity for recycling the electrode materials inside LABs without disassembly or extensive material processing.

show abstract

“…Silva [25] showed that using benzotriazole and cystine as additives can change the composition of the copper-zinc alloy and improve the corrosion resistance of the coating in the citrate electroplating Cu-Zn alloy system. L.F. Ding [26] studied the effects of four nitrogen-containing additives on the HEDP electroplating system and finally found that using ammonium fluoride as an additive can make the particles of the coating more uniform and produce coatings with better brightness and gloss.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The purpose of this work is to study the effects of four additives on the coating and the reaction mechanism. Therefore, the system uses the process parameters of L.F. Ding [26] in the previous study, such as current density, plating time, pH and so on. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (XRF) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) and other methods were used to characterize the morphology, composition and crystal morphology of the alloy coatings.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Four Carboxyl-Containing Additives on Imitation Gold Electroplating Cu-Zn-Sn Alloys in an HEDP System

Ding¹,

Chen²,

Li³

et al. 2020

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The requirements for using noncyanide imitation gold plating as decorative electroplating are increasing; thus, continuously improving the quality of the coating of the imitation gold plating and optimizing the coating process have become the current priority. In this work, hydroxyethylidene diphosphonic acid (HEDP) was used as the main complexing agent, CuSO4·5H2O, ZnSO4·7H2O and NaSnO3·3H2O were the main salts, and NaOH and anhydrous sodium carbonate were used as the buffers to prepare the electroplating solution. Using sodium citrate (SC), sodium potassium tartrate (SS), sodium gluconate (SG), and glycerol (Gl) as four additives, the effects of the number of carboxyl groups on the properties of a Cu-Zn-Sn alloy coating were compared. The electrochemical analysis showed that Cu-Zn-Sn alloy codeposition occurred at -0.50 V vs. Hg|HgO. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results showed that the particle size of the coatings obtained with carboxyl-containing additives was more uniform than that obtained with the electroplating solution without additives. The X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) analysis revealed that the composition of the Cu-Zn-Sn alloy coating obtained by using SC as an additive in the electroplating solution was 89.75 wt% Cu, 9.61 wt% Zn, and 0.64 wt% Sn, and the color of the coating was golden yellow. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern showed that the coating was a mixture of Cu, Cu5Zn8, CuSn, Cu6Sn5, and CuZn phases. The analysis of the electroplating solution by UV, IR and NMR spectroscopy methods indicates that the additives improve the coating by affecting the complexation reaction of metal ions. These results can provide technical and theoretical guidance for developing Cu-Zn-Sn ternary alloy electrodeposition technology with the new cyanide-free HEDP alkaline electroplating system.

show abstract

Effects of four N-based additives on imitation gold plating

Cited by 10 publications

References 39 publications

Efficient Removal of Fluoride by Complexation Extraction: Mechanism and Thermodynamics

Efficient Removal of Fluoride by Complexation Extraction: Mechanism and Thermodynamics

Reconstruction of Lead Acid Battery Negative Electrodes after Hard Sulfation Using Controlled Chelation Chemistry

Effects of Four Carboxyl-Containing Additives on Imitation Gold Electroplating Cu-Zn-Sn Alloys in an HEDP System

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About