Effects of four short‐chain fatty acids or salts on fermentation characteristics and aerobic stability of alfalfa (<scp><i>Medicago sativa</i></scp> L.) silage

Yuan, Xianjun; Wen, Aiyou; Wang, Jian; Desta, Seare T.; Dong, Zhihao; Shao, Tao

doi:10.1002/jsfa.8475

Cited by 31 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The proliferation of LAB was triggered by WSC residues and oxygen which were used by LAB as external electron acceptors to yield ATP (Kasmaei et al 2017). The transient proliferation of LAB in silage with Hex corroborated with findings of Yuan et al (2017b), who also found a slight increase in LAB populations during aerobic exposure of alfalfa treated with short-chain fatty acids (sodium diacetate and calcium propionate). The sharp decrease in LAB populations after 5 days of aerobic exposure was consistent with the depletion of WSC and the increased populations of undesirable micro-organisms.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…The ambient and silage temperatures were recorded every 30 min using a temperature logger (MDL-1048A; SMOWO Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China) until the silage was removed. The aerobic stability was considered as the number of hours that the temperature of the silage remained constant before increasing more than 2°C above the ambient temperature (Yuan et al 2017b). The silage was sampled after 3, 5 and 7 days of aerobic exposure to quantify the changes of chemical compositions and microbial populations in napier grass silage.…”

Section: Sample Preparation and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The LAB was counted on MRS after 48 h incubation at 37°C in an anaerobic incubator (Ni et al 2015). The aerobic bacteria (AB) was enumerated on nutrient agar (Shanghai Bio-way Technology Co., Ltd) after aerobic incubation at 37°C for 24 h. Yeasts were enumerated on potato dextrose agar (PDA; Shanghai Bio-Way Technology Co., Ltd) which was acidified to a pH of 3Á5 with sterilized tartaric acid solution and plates were incubated at 37°C for 24 h (Yuan et al 2017b). The LAB, AB and yeast colony forming units were transformed to log 10 units before statistical analysis.…”

Section: Sample Preparation and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of hexanoic acid, Lactobacillus plantarum and their combination on the aerobic stability of napier grass silage

Mugabe

Shao

et al. 2020

J. Appl. Microbiol.

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Aims The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of hexanoic acid (Hex) as a silage additive. Methods and Results The effect of Hex, Lactobacillus plantarum (Lp) and their combination (Hex + Lp) on the aerobic stability of napier grass silage was investigated. Napier grass was ensiled without additives (C) or with Lp, Hex or Hex + Lp for 60 days followed by 7 days of aerobic exposure. After 60 days of ensiling, the Lp silage had the lowest pH and the highest lactic acid (LA) concentration among all silage, whereas the highest water‐soluble carbohydrates (WSC) content was observed in Hex + Lp silage, followed by Hex silage. After 60 days of ensiling, the population of yeasts in C and Lp silages was > 3·0 log10 CFU per g FW, while that of Hex and Hex + Lp was <2·0 log10 CFU per g FW. During aerobic exposure, the pH in the Lp and C silages increased (P < 0·05) above 7·0 on day 5. The pH of Hex silage was the lowest among all silages on day 3 and 5, followed by a significant (P < 0·05) increase until 7 days of aerobic exposure. There were no significant changes in pH and AA of Hex + Lp silage over the duration of aerobic exposure. The concentrations of LA in C, Lp and Hex silages decreased while that of Hex + Lp silage remained stable after 3 days of aerobic exposure. The Hex delayed the decline of WSC contents and the increase in yeasts over the aerobic exposure period. Conclusion Addition of Hex (97 h) and Hex + Lp (>168 h) improved aerobic stability (P < 0·05) as compared to the control (83 h). Significance and Impact of the Study Hex or in combination with L. plantarum inhibited the proliferation of yeasts during aerobic exposure of napier grass. Thus, Hex is an alternative antifungal additive to improve aerobic stability.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Sample Preparation and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sample Preparation and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of hexanoic acid, Lactobacillus plantarum and their combination on the aerobic stability of napier grass silage

Mugabe

Shao

et al. 2020

J. Appl. Microbiol.

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“…However, to ensure that the ensiling process was performed properly, we analyzed the chemical composition of both AF and AS. The results obtained for DM (294–364 g kg −1 ) and CP (207–228 g kg −1 ) are in line with those reported previously, and confirm the dynamic pattern of fermentation and the microbial characteristics of alfalfa silage.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Structural and quantitative changes of saponins in fresh alfalfa compared to alfalfa silage

et al. 2018

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BACKGROUND: Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) is an important legume used in animal feed. The primary objective of the present study was to analyze and trace the individual saponins in fresh and ensiled alfalfa of ten varieties, with the aim of evaluating the structural changes that saponins undergo during ensiling. A secondary objective was to examine whether any of the changes in saponin content were associated with changes in the basic nutrient composition of the ensiled alfalfa. RESULTS: The total saponin concentration increased when the fresh alfalfa was processed into silage. Three of the zanhic acid glycosides were degraded substantially, whereas the other two increased in all the tested varieties. Five of the seven medicagenic acid glycosides were not changed, whereas the remaining saponins completely disappeared. Finally, two glycosides of soyasapogenol B displayed an inverse relationship to each other. CONCLUSION: The nutrient content of fresh material and silages remained relatively constant, with some variations in the crude protein content of the selected alfalfa varieties. The total concentration of saponins increased two-to three-fold after ensilation over the levels present in fresh alfalfa material. The increases in saponin concentration showed a negative linear relationship between protein on a dry matter basis and saponin content. These findings are significant because no known published data have shown this transformation in the ensiling of alfalfa.

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“…Hence, future research should be conducted to further examine the effects of HoLAB, HeLAB and their combinations during aerobic exposure. Although the inclusion of HeLAB on forages with a low DM content does not appear to be appropriate due to the excessive fermentation (Jatkauskas et al ., 2013), the aforementioned inoculants should be utilized so as to avoid the air deterioration that could occur during the feed out phase or due to poor management (Yuan et al ., 2018). For instance, silage moved from one silo structure to another, silage fed from intermediate feeding piles, and silos with large exposed surfaces are good candidates for treatment with HeLAB.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of homofermentative and heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria for alfalfa silage: a meta-analysis

et al. 2020

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Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are usually employed as alfalfa silage inoculants to obtain high-quality feed for animal husbandry. However, the effects of these inoculants are still unclear and need to be studied extensively. Therefore, the objective of this meta-analysis was to quantitatively summarize published research studies that assess the effects of homofermentative (HoLAB) and heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria (HeLAB) on fermentation parameters, nutritive value, microbiological composition and aerobic stability of alfalfa silage. PubMed, ScienceDirect and Scopus have been screened for articles published from 1980 to 2018. The criteria for inclusion were: randomized and controlled trials using alfalfa silage and published in peer-reviewed journals. It was found that inoculation with LAB decreased silage pH, neutral detergent fibre, acid detergent fibre and ammoniacal nitrogen, while it increased dry matter and crude protein compared to control in the pooled raw mean difference random-effect model. Additionally, LAB inoculation decreased acetate, propionate, ethanol and butyrate concentrations, whereas it increased lactate. In addition, inoculants reduced the counts of yeasts and moulds. Lastly, LAB inoculation improved aerobic stability. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first meta-analysis that aims at comparing the application of HoLAB and HeLAB for alfalfa silage. In the pool estimate, positive effects attributable to the application of microbial silage inoculants were found in most of the evaluated parameters; supporting the importance of applying both types of inoculants to improve forage preservation for the livestock industry.

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Effects of four short‐chain fatty acids or salts on fermentation characteristics and aerobic stability of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) silage

Cited by 31 publications

References 39 publications

Effect of hexanoic acid, Lactobacillus plantarum and their combination on the aerobic stability of napier grass silage

Effect of hexanoic acid, Lactobacillus plantarum and their combination on the aerobic stability of napier grass silage

Structural and quantitative changes of saponins in fresh alfalfa compared to alfalfa silage

The role of homofermentative and heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria for alfalfa silage: a meta-analysis

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