Effects of freezing and freeze‐drying on the biomechanical properties of rat bone

Pelker, Richard R.; Friedlaender, Gary E.; Markham, Thomas C.; Panjabi, Manohar M.; Moen, C.

doi:10.1002/jor.1100010409

Cited by 230 publications

(113 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Several studies have already evaluated the effect of different storage methods on the mechanical properties of bone (McElhaney et al 1964, Pelker et al 1984, Roe et al 1988, Goh et al 1989, Linde and Sorensen 1993, Kang and Kim 1995, Currey et al 1995, Wilke et al 1996, but the maximum storage time in these studies was 3 months. Cadaver bodies are generally stored for 1 year or more after they are embalmed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies have already been performed to investigate the effects of embalming or freezing on the mechanical properties of bones (McElhaney et al 1964, Sedlin 1965, Pelker et al 1984, Panjabi et al 1985, Roe et al 1988, Goh et al 1989, Linde and Sorensen 1993, Currey et al 1995, Kang and Kim 1995, Hamer et al 1996. However, in these studies the maximum storage time was 3 months, whereas cadaver specimens are generally stored for much longer periods.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Effect of long-term preservation on the mechanical properties of cortical bone in goats

et al. 2008

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Background and purpose Bones used in mechanical studies are frequently harvested from human cadavers that have been embalmed in a buffered formaldehyde solution. It has been reported that formaldehyde fixation or freezing hardly affects the mechanical properties of bone after a storage period of several weeks. However, human cadaver bones are usually stored for longer periods of time before use. We therefore investigated the effects of long-term embalming or freezing on the mechanical properties of cortical bone.Methods After 5 different storage periods (ranging from 0 to 12 months), goat femora and humeri were used to evaluate the effect of embalming and freezing on torsion, and on bending stiffness and strength. The effect on hardness and bone mineral density (BMD) was also evaluated.Results Even after 1 year, no statistically significant differences could be found in stiffness, strength, and energy absorption when we compared embalmed or frozen bones to a fresh reference group. In addition, although we found no significant change in BMD, there appears to be a tendency to increasing hardness.Interpretation We found that there was no effect on the mechanical properties of bone after storage periods of 1 year. We conclude that embalmed or frozen bones can safely be used for mechanical testing, at least for storage periods of up to one year.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Effect of long-term preservation on the mechanical properties of cortical bone in goats

et al. 2008

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“…This procedure has been shown not to affect the mechanical properties of bone. (9,10) Plasma and urine chemistry Plasma and urine creatinine was measured by the kinetic colorimetric assay according to Jaffe, plasma urea was measured by colorimetric enzymatic dry chemistry, and phosphate was measured by colorimetric dry chemistry (Vitros 950 analyzer, Johnson & Johnson Clinical Diagnostics, Rochester, NY, USA). Plasma ionized Ca 2+ and pH were measured by an ion selective electrode (Ciba Corning 634 Ca 2+ /pH Analyzer; Ciba Corning Diagnostics, Sudbury, UK).…”

Section: Data Collection and Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paricalcitol [19-Nor-1,25-(OH)2D2] in the Treatment of Experimental Renal Bone Disease

Jokihaara

Pörsti

Pajamäki

et al. 2006

Journal of Bone and Mineral Research

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Paricalcitol is a less hypercalcemic vitamin D analog that has been shown to suppress secondary hyperparathyroidism and to prevent the associated histomorphometric changes in bone. In this study, we show that paricalcitol also ameliorates the renal insufficiency-induced loss of bone mineral and the mechanical competence of bone.Introduction: Renal bone disease is a common consequence of chronic renal insufficiency and the associated secondary hyperparathyroidism (SH). Paricalcitol [19-nor-1,25(OH) 2 D 2 ] has been shown to ameliorate SH and prevent renal failure-induced histomorphometric changes in bone with minimal calcemic and phosphatemic activity. However, information about its efficacy on restoration of bone structural strength is lacking. In this study, we explored the effects of paricalcitol treatment on bone structure and strength in a model of advanced renal disease. Materials and Methods: Forty-five 8-week-old rats were randomly assigned to either surgical 5/6 nephrectomy (NTX) or Sham-operation. After a 15-week postoperative disease progression period, the NTX rats were further allocated to uremic control (NTX) and treatment (NTX + paricalcitol) groups, the latter of which received paricalcitol for the subsequent 12 weeks. After 27 weeks, the animals were killed, plasma samples were collected, and both femora were excised for comprehensive analysis of the femoral neck and midshaft (pQCT and biomechanical testing). Results: High mortality that exceeded 30% was observed in both NTX groups. NTX induced over a 13-fold increase in plasma PTH, whereas this increase was only 5-fold after paricalcitol treatment. At the femoral neck, NTX was associated with an 8.1% decrease (p < 0.05) in vBMD and a 16% decrease in breaking load (p < 0.05) compared with the Sham group, whereas paricalcitol treatment completely prevented these changes. At the femoral midshaft, the NTX resulted in a 6.6% decrease in cortical BMD (p < 0.01 versus Sham), and this change was also prevented by paricalcitol. Conclusions: Paricalcitol administration prevented renal insufficiency-associated decreases in BMD in the femoral neck and the femoral midshaft and restored bone strength in the femoral neck. Therefore, paricalcitol can efficiently ameliorate renal insufficiency-induced loss of bone mineral and mechanical competence of bone.

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“…9,10 The strength of structural allograft bone is affected by several factors including bone mineral density (BMD), donor age and sex, graft dimension, and sterilization and storage techniques. 2,3,[15][16][17][18][19][20][21] Despite this, no standard screening protocol utilized by allograft bone providers exists for factors such as donor age and sex, BMD, or structural graft dimensions. 1 One reason for this absence of consistent practices within the allograft industry may be a lack of objective data on which to base screening thresholds with respect to parameters related to structural allograft strength.…”

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confidence: 99%

Relationship of donor variables and graft dimension on biomechanical performance of femoral ring allograft

Hart

Daniels

Bahney

et al. 2011

Journal Orthopaedic Research

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Structural femoral ring allograft is commonly used in interbody spinal arthrodesis. Fractures of implanted femoral ring allograft have been reported. Data to guide donor screening and tissue processing by allograft tissue banks for factors that affect graft strength are incomplete. Fresh frozen human femora from 34 cadaveric donors were sectioned into ten 20-mm thick specimens. Bone mineral density (BMD), donor age, and graft dimensions were recorded for each specimen. Three hundred twenty-seven specimens were tested in quasi-static axial compression. Linear regression models compared load to failure with BMD, sex-specific donor age, minimum/maximum cortical wall thickness, and minimum/maximum outer ring diameter. Correlations between minimum and maximum cortical wall thickness and load to failure were significant (r ¼ 0.73, p < 0.001 and r ¼ 0.74, p < 0.001, respectively). BMD showed a weaker negative correlation with load to failure (r ¼ À0.11, p ¼ 0.05). Correlations between load to failure and minimum and maximum outer ring diameter and age (r ¼ 0.06, p ¼ 0.31) were not significant. We found that the minimum and maximum cortical wall thicknesses of femoral ring allograft are strongly correlated with the axial compressive load to failure of the graft. Other tested parameters did not prove to be effective predictors of resistance to axial loading. ß

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Effects of freezing and freeze‐drying on the biomechanical properties of rat bone

Cited by 230 publications

References 5 publications

Effect of long-term preservation on the mechanical properties of cortical bone in goats

Effect of long-term preservation on the mechanical properties of cortical bone in goats

Paricalcitol [19-Nor-1,25-(OH)2D2] in the Treatment of Experimental Renal Bone Disease

Relationship of donor variables and graft dimension on biomechanical performance of femoral ring allograft

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