Effects of freezing on the biomechanical and structural properties of human posterior tibial tendons

Giannini, Sandro; Buda, Roberto; Caprio, Francesco Di; Agati, Patrizia; Bigi, Adriana; Pasquale, Viviana De; Ruggeri, Alessandro

doi:10.1007/s00264-006-0297-2

Cited by 113 publications

(103 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The number of fibrils per unit area was decreased with cryopreservation. A similar observation was reported by Giannini et al (2008), who assessed the effect of storage by fresh-freezing at -80°C on human posterior tibial tendons. Tsuchida et al (1997) reported that collagen fiber bundles became separated into smaller bundles 3 weeks after in situ freezing of rabbit patellar tendon.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

The effect of cryopreservation or heating on the mechanical properties and histomorphology of rat bone-patellar tendon-bone

et al. 2008

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The effects of cryopreservation on tendon allograft have been reported, but remain unclear, particularly the potential effects on mechanical properties and histological changes by ice crystal formation. There are also few studies about effects of heating for sterilization of tendon. We evaluated the effect of cryopreservation or heating on the mechanical properties and histomorphology of rat bone-patellar tendon-bones (BTBs). BTBs were processed by cryopreservation at -80 degrees C for 3 weeks, or heating at 80 degrees C for 10 min. Tensile testing and histomorphological examination were performed. The cryopreservation of tendons showed less influences on their mechanical properties. When cryopreserved BTBs in frozen state were fixed by freeze-substitution method, many spaces were observed in interfibrillar substances. These results suggest that the collagen fibers of cryopreserved tendons were histomorphologically affected by ice crystals. The heating of tendons completely destroyed the collagen fibers of the tendons and is therefore thought to be inappropriate for the sterilization of BTBs.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

The effect of cryopreservation or heating on the mechanical properties and histomorphology of rat bone-patellar tendon-bone

et al. 2008

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“…4); more precisely, the RMSE was found inversely correlated with the freezing period (p = 0.039). Contradictory findings on the effects of freezing connective tissues have been reported in the literature (Clavert et al, 2001;Giannini et al, 2008;Viidik and Lewin, 1966;Woo et al, 1986); it is possible that freezing could affect the tendon's mechanical properties, especially since it can provoke tissue dehydratation and it was reported that SDFT water content is correlated to tendon SOS (Miles et al, 1996). In particular, fluid exudation in presence of higher water content might provoke a non-negligible mass loss during loading; the induced tissue density variations could affect the SOS, although the repeatability of the SOS/SRTM curves during load cycling undermines this hypothesis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Axial speed of sound is related to tendon's nonlinear elasticity

Vergari

Ravary-Plumioën

Evrard

et al. 2012

Journal of Biomechanics

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Axial speed of sound (SOS) measurements have been successfully applied to noninvasively evaluate tendon load, while preliminary studies showed that this technique also has a potential clinical interest in the follow up of tendon injuries. The ultrasound propagation theory predicts that the SOS is determined by the effective stiffness, mass density and Poisson's ratio of the propagating medium. Tendon stiffness characterizes the tissue's mechanical quality, but it is often measured in quasi-static condition and for entire tendon segments, so it might not be the same as the effective stiffness which determines the SOS.The objectives of the present study were to investigate the relationship between axial SOS and tendon's nonlinear elasticity, measured in standard laboratory conditions, and to evaluate if tendon's mass density and cross-sectional area (CSA) affect the SOS level.Axial SOS was measured during in vitro cycling of 9 equine superficial digital tendons. Each tendon's stiffness was characterized with a tangent modulus (the continuous derivative of the true stress / true strain curve) and an elastic modulus (the slope of this curve's linear region).Tendon's SOS was found to linearly vary with the square root of the tangent modulus during loading; tendon's SOS level was found correlated to the elastic modulus's square root and inversely correlated to the tendon's CSA, but it was not affected by tendon's mass density. These results confirm that tendon's tangent and elastic moduli, measured in laboratory conditions, are related to axial SOS and they represent one of its primary determinants.

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“…The repeated freeze-thaw protocol was designed to remove confounding biosynthetic contributions from endogenous tenocytes. Previous studies 46,47 reveal that freeze-thawing tendon does not alter the biomechanical properties of the tissue, suggesting that the collagenous matrix of tendon is not adversely affected by this procedure. However, it is possible that endogenous cellular debris might have influenced the activities of the exogenously administered cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of equine tendon-, muscle-, and bone marrow–derived cells cultured on tendon matrix

Stewart

Barrett

Byron

et al. 2009

ajvr

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Objective-To compare viability and biosynthetic capacities of cells isolated from equine tendon, muscle, and bone marrow grown on autogenous tendon matrix. Sample Population-Cells from 4 young adult horses. Procedures-Cells were isolated, expanded, and cultured on autogenous cell-free tendon matrix for 7 days. Samples were analyzed for cell viability, proteoglycan synthesis, collagen synthesis, and mRNA expression of collagen type I, collagen type III, and cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP). Results-Tendon-and muscle-derived cells required less time to reach confluence (approx 2 weeks) than did bone marrow-derived cells (approx 3 to 4 weeks); there were fewer bone marrow-derived cells at confluence than the other 2 cell types. More tendon-and musclederived cells were attached to matrices after 7 days than were bone marrow-derived cells. Collagen and proteoglycan synthesis by tendon-and muscle-derived cells was significantly greater than synthesis by bone marrow-derived cells. On a per-cell basis, tendon-derived cells had more collagen synthesis, although this was not significant. Collagen type I mRNA expression was similar among groups. Tendon-derived cells expressed the highest amounts of collagen type III and COMP mRNAs, although the difference for COMP was not significant. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Tendon-and muscle-derived cells yielded greater cell culture numbers in shorter time and, on a per-cell basis, had comparable biosynthetic assays to bone marrow-derived cells. More in vitro experiments with higher numbers may determine whether tendon-derived cells are a useful resource for tendon healing. (Am J Vet Res 2009;70:750-757)

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Effects of freezing on the biomechanical and structural properties of human posterior tibial tendons

Cited by 113 publications

References 31 publications

The effect of cryopreservation or heating on the mechanical properties and histomorphology of rat bone-patellar tendon-bone

The effect of cryopreservation or heating on the mechanical properties and histomorphology of rat bone-patellar tendon-bone

Axial speed of sound is related to tendon's nonlinear elasticity

Comparison of equine tendon-, muscle-, and bone marrow–derived cells cultured on tendon matrix

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