Effects of French Pine Bark Extract Chewing Gum on Oral Malodor and Salivary Bacteria

Watanabe, Koichi; Hiramine, Hiroko; Toyama, Toshizo; Hamada, Naoki

doi:10.3177/jnsv.64.185

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…A Tabela 2 descreve os 17 artigos incluídos, [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32] sendo estes a maioria ensaios clínicos randomizados, publicados em 2016 (47,05%). Com relação a análise qualitativa dos artigos selecionados, 6 pesquisas possuem baixa qualidade metodológica e 11 artigos são metodologicamente aceitáveis e passíveis de reprodução e aplicação (Tabela 3).…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

Tratamentos da halitose: uma revisão sistemática qualitativa dos últimos cinco anos

Silva¹,

Alencar²,

Sousa³

et al. 2021

j.rpemd

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Objetivos: Analisar criticamente a literatura publicada nos últimos cinco anos sobre intervenções usadas no tratamento da halitose. Métodos: Uma revisão sistemática qualitativa, seguindo o Prisma Checklist, foi conduzida nos bancos de dados PubMed, SciELO e Google Académico usando os descritores ‘Halitosis’ AND ‘Treatment’. Foram seguidas etapas de seleção de artigos, aplicando critérios de inclusão e exclusão; extração de dados e análise qualitativa, onde dois pesquisadores de forma independente verificaram a confiabilidade metodológica dos artigos inclusos. Resultados: 296 artigos foram recuperados das bases de dados e após aplicação dos critérios 17 foram inclusos. Dos estudos incluídos apenas 11 tinham qualidade metodológica aceitável. Tratamentos mecânicos (escovagem dos dentes e da língua), químicos (antissépticos, pastas dentífricas, comprimidos e pastilhas) e também biológicos (probióticos) foram positivamente associados a redução da halitose. Conclusões: Embora multifatorial o dentista deve compreender a etiologia da halitose e aplicar a melhor intervenção baseada em evidências.

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Section: Resultsunclassified

Tratamentos da halitose: uma revisão sistemática qualitativa dos últimos cinco anos

Silva¹,

Alencar²,

Sousa³

et al. 2021

j.rpemd

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“…The herbal mucoadhesive tablet examined by Sterer and co-workers (2013) reduced VSC's and the organoleptic score significantly better than placebo. Other studies investigating herbal products showed less remarkable results (Rosing et al, 2002, Sakagami et al, 2016, Farina et al, 2012, Watanabe et al, 2018.…”

Section: Herbal Substancesmentioning

confidence: 95%

Alternative therapies in controlling oral malodour: a systematic review

Wylleman¹,

Vuylsteke²,

Dekeyser³

et al. 2021

J. Breath Res.

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Is there a role for alternative therapies in controlling intra-oral halitosis? Treatments other than tongue cleaning and anti-halitosis products containing zinc, chlorhexidine and cetylpyridinium chloride were considered as alternative therapies. Four databases were searched (PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and The Cochrane Library). Inclusion criteria were: examination of alternative halitosis therapies, study population with oral malodour, a (negative or positive) control group and evaluation of breath odour via organoleptic and/or instrumental assessment. Data were extracted for descriptive analysis. The screening of 7656 titles led to the inclusion of 26 articles. Analysis showed heterogeneity concerning the population of interest (from cysteine-induced to genuine halitosis), the examined treatment and the reported outcomes. This made a meta-analysis impossible. Essential oils, fluoride-containing products and herbal substances were the most studied. Results varied enormously and none of the active ingredients had an unambiguously positive effect on the malodour. The risk of bias was assessed as high in all articles. Given the fact that little evidence was found for each of the investigated treatments, it could be concluded that there is currently insufficient evidence that alternative therapies are of added value in the treatment of halitosis. Clinical relevance Scientific rationale: Halitosis is a common problem causing social isolation. Out of embarrassment, patients search the internet, leading to many questions about alternative solutions (e.g. oil pulling, herbs). This is the first systematic review on these alternative therapies. Principal findings: Results varied among studies. Some promising results were found for fluoride-containing toothpastes and probiotics. For other products (such as herbal and antibacterial products and essential oils) results were inconsistent. Long-term follow-up studies on these products are scarce. Moreover, the quality of the studies was poor. Practical implications: No clear evidence was found to support a certain alternative anti-halitosis therapy.

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“…For the VSCs measurement, patients were asked to breath in a sterile syringe that was immediately injected into the OralChroma and measurements were taken according to the manufacturer's instructions. Based on the measurements of the two main intraoral halitosis gases, H2S and MM, individuals were classified into four groups (Figure 1): a control group (Ctr) of halitosis-free individuals with both gasses below the halitosis-threshold (<112 ppb for H2S and <26 ppb for CH3SH, [13][14][15]) and three halitosis groups, namely the MM group (<112 ppb H2S and >26 ppb CH3SH), the H2S group (>112 ppb H2S and <26 ppb CH3SH), and the MM-HS group (>112 ppb H2S and >26 ppb CH3SH). In each group, the 10 individuals that best fulfilled the criteria (i.e., lowest or highest ppb of one or both of the gasses) were selected for RNAseq analysis.…”

Section: Vscs Measurements and Patient Classificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The last two have been unequivocally related to intra-oral halitosis and appear to be responsible for up to 90% of oral VSCs [11] whereas dimethyl sulfide is considered to be implicated mainly in extra-oral blood borne halitosis [12]. Current clinical literature establishes specific threshold values for halitosis diagnosis for H2S (112 ppb), CH3SH (26 ppb) and [CH3]2S (8 ppb) [13][14][15]. Previous epidemiological reports suggest that other odoriferous molecules could also be responsible or contribute to bad breath, including volatile aromatic compounds and (poly)amines, short/medium-chain fatty acids or organic acids, alcohols, volatile aliphatic compounds, aldehydes and ketones [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The tongue biofilm metatranscriptome identifies metabolic pathways associated with halitosis and its prevention

Carda‐Diéguez

Rosier

Lloret

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Halitosis is an oral condition caused by an increase in the concentration of volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs), such as methyl mercaptan and hydrogen sulfide, generated as a consequence of bacterial metabolism on the tongue biofilm. Microbial communities on the tongue of halitosis patients have been studied by bacterial culture, 16S rRNA taxonomic studies and metagenomics. However, there are currently no reports on the microbial gene-expression profiles. In this study, we performed RNAseq of tongue coating samples from control individuals and halitosis patients with different levels and composition of VSCs, as determined by gas chromatography. In this metatranscriptomic study, the activity of Streptococcus, Veillonella and Rothia species was associated with halitosis-free individuals while Prevotella, Fusobacterium and Leptotrichia species were associated with halitosis. Although methyl mercaptan is considered an indicator of halitosis, the metatranscriptome of patients in which only this VSC was present in elevated levels was similar to that of halitosis-free individuals. Veillonella dispar, Streptococcus parasanguinis and Rothia mucilaginosa were over-represented in halitosis-free communities in comparison to the rest of the groups, suggesting that these species could be used as a halitosis-free biomarkers. In contrast, the abundance of Prevotella shahi and Fusobacterium nucleatum were significantly higher when hydrogen sulfide concentration was over the established halitosis-threshold, making these species putative halitosis biomarkers. Finally, gene expression profiles showed a significant over-expression of genes involved in L-cysteine and L-homocysteine synthesis in halitosis-free individuals and an over-expression of genes responsible for cysteine degradation into hydrogen sulfide in halitosis patients. In addition, nitrate reduction into nitrite was also over-expressed in halitosis-free patients. In conclusion, halitosis was associated with communities that degrade amino acids and reduce sulfide, whereas tongue communities that produce L-cysteine from hydrogen sulfide and that reduce nitrate were associated with the absence of halitosis. The latter could provide new strategies to treat this condition.

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Effects of French Pine Bark Extract Chewing Gum on Oral Malodor and Salivary Bacteria

Cited by 9 publications

References 28 publications

Tratamentos da halitose: uma revisão sistemática qualitativa dos últimos cinco anos

Tratamentos da halitose: uma revisão sistemática qualitativa dos últimos cinco anos

Alternative therapies in controlling oral malodour: a systematic review

The tongue biofilm metatranscriptome identifies metabolic pathways associated with halitosis and its prevention

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