Effects of Fuel Properties on Combustion and Emission Characteristics of a Direct-Injection Diesel Engine

Kidoguchi, Yoshiyuki; Yang, Changlin; Miwa, Kei

doi:10.4271/2000-01-1851

Cited by 82 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Finally, the conceptual understanding also helps explain why fuels with improved ignition quality (i.e., higher cetane number) tend to have lower NO x emissions than lower-cetane fuels [55,56]. The higher ignition quality will give a shorter LOL [57] and therefore a richer mixture and a smaller fraction of the heat release occurring in the AZ.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Experimental Investigation of the Origin of Increased NO_xEmissions When Fueling a Heavy-Duty Compression-Ignition Engine with Soy Biodiesel

Mueller¹,

Boehman²,

Martin³

2009

SAE Int. J. Fuels Lubr.

323

233

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The Engineering Meetings Board has approved this paper for publication. It has successfully completed SAE's peer review process under the supervision of the session organizer. This process requires a minimum of three (3) reviews by industry experts. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. ISSN 0148-7191 Positions and opinions advanced in this paper are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of SAE. The author is solely responsible for the content of the paper. SAE ABSTRACTIt is generally accepted that emissions of nitrogen oxides (NO x ) increase as the volume fraction of biodiesel increases in blends with conventional diesel fuel. While many mechanisms based on biodiesel effects on incylinder processes have been proposed to explain this observation, a clear understanding of the relative importance of each has remained elusive.To gain further insight into the cause(s) of the biodiesel NO x increase, experiments were conducted in a singlecylinder version of a heavy-duty diesel engine with extensive optical access to the combustion chamber. The engine was operated using two biodiesel fuels and two hydrocarbon reference fuels, over a wide range of loads, and using undiluted air as well as air diluted with simulated exhaust gas recirculation. Measurements were made of cylinder pressure, spatially integrated natural luminosity (a measure of radiative heat transfer), engine-out emissions of NO x and smoke, flame lift-off length, actual start of injection, ignition delay, and efficiency. Adiabatic flame temperatures for the test fuels and a surrogate #2 diesel fuel also were computed at representative diesel-engine conditions.Results suggest that the biodiesel NO x increase is not quantitatively determined by a change in a single fuel property, but rather is the result of a number of coupled mechanisms whose effects may tend to reinforce or cancel one another under different conditions, depending on specific combustion and fuel characteristics. Nevertheless, charge-gas mixtures that are closer to stoichiometric at ignition and in the standing premixed autoignition zone near the flame liftoff length appear to be key factors in helping to explain the biodiesel NO x increase under all conditions. These differences are expected to lead to higher local and average in-cylinder temperatures, lower radiative heat losses, and a shorter, more-advanced combustion event, all of which would be expected to increase thermal NO x emissions. Differences in prompt NO formation and species concentrations resulting from fuel and jet-structure changes also may play important roles.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Experimental Investigation of the Origin of Increased NO_xEmissions When Fueling a Heavy-Duty Compression-Ignition Engine with Soy Biodiesel

Mueller¹,

Boehman²,

Martin³

2009

SAE Int. J. Fuels Lubr.

323

233

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“…The increase in NO and NO x emissions is mainly due to the lower cetane index of the adulterated fuels. This results in higher NO and NO x formation rates, since the combustion pressure increases in respect to the neat automotive Diesel, leaving less time for cooling through heat transfer and dilution and leading to higher localized gas temperatures [5]. It must be noticed that the Petter AV1-LAB is an indirect injection engine and therefore the maximum NO x concentrations are expected to be at partial loads.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of using adulterated automotive diesel on the exhaust emissions of a stationary diesel engine

Mattheou

Zannikos²,

Schinas³

et al. 2013

Global NEST Journal

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The EU Directives and legislation by worldwide environmental authorities impose constantly lower levels for the airborne pollutant emissions of internal combustion engines towards the goal of zero emission vehicles. During the last decade, engine manufacturers, refiners and fuel companies invest highly in order to comply with the increasingly severe emission requirements.The diesel engine is widely used for transportation, manufacture, power generation, construction and farming operations. There are different kinds of diesel engine depending on their application: small, high speed, indirect-injection engines or low speed, direct -injection behemoths with cylinders more than one meter in diameter. Their main advantages are the efficiency, economy and reliability. The physicochemical properties of the diesel fuels and the engine design affect the operability, the efficiency and the performance of the diesel engine and they correlate to the exhaust emissions.In Greece, the diesel fuel market steadily increases during the last years. The fuels produced by the refineries usually comply with the existing specifications. However, alterations in the fuel properties may occur through the supply chain to the service stations due to failures of the distribution system (i.e. contamination with water, tank sludge and residues) or adulteration with lower value and taxation fuels (heating oil, marine diesel or industrial solvents).The transportation sector is a major source of air pollution. It contributes to harmful exhaust emissions, such as greenhouse gas emissions, carbon monoxide, sulfur oxides (SO x ), nitrogen oxides (ΝΟ x ), unburned hydrocarbons (HC) and particulate matter (PM) emissions.In this paper, PM and exhaust emissions from a stationary single cylinder diesel engine were examined. For comparison purposes, tests were carried out with a typical automotive diesel fuel of the Greek market and with adulterated fuels with heating oil or white spirit. The noncomplying diesel fuels gave increased emissions in all cases with only exception the PM emissions due to adulteration with white spirit. More specifically, the experimental results for the adulterated fuels with heating diesel showed an increase of the nitrogen oxide emissions up to 73.9%, of the unburned hydrocarbons up to 29.6% and of PM up to 121% compared to the baseline diesel fuel emissions.KEYWORDS: Air quality, exhaust emissions, automotive diesel fuel, industrial solvents, adulterated fuels, white spirit, particulate matters 292 MATTHEOU et al.

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“…This affects cold-starting, combustion noise and exhaust emissions, e.g. it can reduce PM and increase NOx emissions at high loads [11].…”

Section: Cetane Numbermentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Military JP-8 Fuel on Heavy Duty Diesel Engine Performance and Emissions

McKee¹,

Fernandes²,

Fuschetto³

et al. 2005

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ABSTRACT:The US army single fuel forward policy mandates that deployed vehicles must refuel with aviation fuel JP-8, and when that is not available, are permitted to use diesel. The US army is expected to use JP-8 till year 2025. There is a known torque and fuel economy penalty associated with the operation of a diesel engine with JP-8 fuel due to its lower density and viscosity, but few experimental studies suggest that kerosene-based fuels have the potential for lowering exhaust emissions (especially particulate matter) compared to typical distillate fuels such as diesel #2. However, studies so far were typically focused on quantifying effects of simply replacing the regular diesel fuel with JP-8, rather than fully investigating the reasons behind the observed differences. This research evaluates the effect of using JP-8 fuel in a heavy duty diesel engine on fuel injection, combustion, performance and emissions, and subsequently utilizes the obtained insight to propose engine calibration capable of minimizing the possible penalties. Test experiments were carried out on a Detroit Diesel Corporation (DDC) S60 engine outfitted with EGR. The results indicate that torque and fuel economy of diesel fuel can be matched without smoke or NOx penalty by increasing the duration of injection to compensate for lower density. The lower cetane number of JP-8 led to higher ignition delay and increased premixed combustion, but adjusting of injection timing to keep the ignition timing unchanged had a minor effect. Under almost all conditions, JP-8 led to lower NOx and PM emissions and shifted the NOx-PM tradeoff favorably. The US army single fuel forward policy mandates that deployed vehicles must refuel with aviation fuel JP-8, and when that is not available, are permitted to use diesel. The US army is expected to use JP-8 till year 2025. There is a known torque and fuel economy penalty associated with the operation of a diesel engine with JP-8 fuel due to its lower density and viscosity, but few experimental studies suggest that kerosene-based fuels have the potential for lowering exhaust emissions (especially particulate matter) compared to typical distillate fuels such as diesel #2. However, studies so far were typically focused on quantifying effects of simply replacing the regular diesel fuel with JP-8, rather than fully investigating the reasons behind the observed differences. This research evaluates the effect of using JP-8 fuel in a heavy duty diesel engine on fuel injection, combustion, performance and emissions, and subsequently utilizes the obtained insight to propose engine calibration capable of minimizing the possible penalties. Test experiments were carried out on a Detroit Diesel Corporation (DDC) S60 engine outfitted with EGR. The results indicate that torque and fuel economy of diesel fuel can be matched without smoke or NOx penalty by increasing the duration of injection to compensate for lower density. The lower cetane number of JP-8 led to higher ignition delay and increased premixed combustion, but adju...

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Effects of Fuel Properties on Combustion and Emission Characteristics of a Direct-Injection Diesel Engine

Cited by 82 publications

References 10 publications

An Experimental Investigation of the Origin of Increased NO_xEmissions When Fueling a Heavy-Duty Compression-Ignition Engine with Soy Biodiesel

An Experimental Investigation of the Origin of Increased NO_xEmissions When Fueling a Heavy-Duty Compression-Ignition Engine with Soy Biodiesel

Impact of using adulterated automotive diesel on the exhaust emissions of a stationary diesel engine

Impact of Military JP-8 Fuel on Heavy Duty Diesel Engine Performance and Emissions

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Effects of Fuel Properties on Combustion and Emission Characteristics of a Direct-Injection Diesel Engine

Cited by 82 publications

References 10 publications

An Experimental Investigation of the Origin of Increased NOxEmissions When Fueling a Heavy-Duty Compression-Ignition Engine with Soy Biodiesel

An Experimental Investigation of the Origin of Increased NOxEmissions When Fueling a Heavy-Duty Compression-Ignition Engine with Soy Biodiesel

Impact of using adulterated automotive diesel on the exhaust emissions of a stationary diesel engine

Impact of Military JP-8 Fuel on Heavy Duty Diesel Engine Performance and Emissions

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Product

Resources

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An Experimental Investigation of the Origin of Increased NO_xEmissions When Fueling a Heavy-Duty Compression-Ignition Engine with Soy Biodiesel

An Experimental Investigation of the Origin of Increased NO_xEmissions When Fueling a Heavy-Duty Compression-Ignition Engine with Soy Biodiesel