Effects of fungal species, cultivation time, growth substrate, and air exposure velocity on the fluorescence properties of airborne fungal spores

Saari, Sampo; Mensah-Attipoe, Jacob; Reponen, Tiina; Veijalainen, Anna-Maria; Salmela, Anniina; Pasanen, Pertti; Keskinen, Jorma

doi:10.1111/ina.12166

Cited by 19 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Comparisons between instruments were made as a function of the fungal species under examination (Aspergillus versicolor, Cladosporium cladosporioides and Penicillium brevicompactum), their cultivation time, growth substrate and the air exposure velocity [134]. The study concluded that all of these factors had an impact on the detection efficiency of fungal spores when utilising fluorescence-based systems.…”

Section: Bioscoutmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review: The Use of Real-Time Fluorescence Instrumentation to Monitor Ambient Primary Biological Aerosol Particles (PBAP)

Fennelly

Sewell²,

Prentice

et al. 2017

Atmosphere

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Primary biological aerosol particles (PBAP) encompass many particle types that are derived from several biological kingdoms. These aerosol particles can be composed of both whole living units such as pollen, bacteria, and fungi, as well as from mechanically formed particles, such as plant debris. They constitute a significant proportion of the overall atmospheric particle load and have been linked with adverse health issues and climatic effects on the environment. Traditional methods for their analysis have focused on the direct capture of PBAP before subsequent laboratory analysis. These analysis types have generally relied on direct optical microscopy or incubation on agar plates, followed by time-consuming microbiological investigation. In an effort to address some of these deficits, real-time fluorescence monitors have come to prominence in the analysis of PBAP. These instruments offer significant advantages over traditional methods, including the measurement of concentrations, as well as the potential to simultaneously identify individual analyte particles in real-time. Due to the automated nature of these measurements, large data sets can be collected and analyzed with relative ease. This review seeks to highlight and discuss the extensive literature pertaining to the most commonly used commercially available real-time fluorescence monitors (WIBS, UV-APS and BioScout). It discusses the instruments operating principles, their limitations and advantages, and the various environments in which they have been deployed. The review provides a detailed examination of the ambient fluorescent aerosol particle concentration profiles that are obtained by these studies, along with the various strategies adopted by researchers to analyze the substantial data sets the instruments generate. Finally, a brief reflection is presented on the role that future instrumentation may provide in revolutionizing this area of atmospheric research.

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Section: Bioscoutmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review: The Use of Real-Time Fluorescence Instrumentation to Monitor Ambient Primary Biological Aerosol Particles (PBAP)

Fennelly

Sewell²,

Prentice

et al. 2017

Atmosphere

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“…Both the WIBS and UV-APS, in various version updates, have been applied to many types of studies regarding outdoor aerosol characterization. For example, they have been important instruments: in the study of ice nuclei Mason et al, 2015;Twohy et al, 2016), toward the understanding of outdoor fungal spore concentrations (Gosselin et al, 2016;Saari et al, 2015a;O'Connor et al, 2015b), to investigate the concentration and properties of bioaerosols from long-range transport (Hallar et al, 2011), in tropical aerosol Whitehead et al, 2010Whitehead et al, , 2016Huffman et al, 2012;Valsan et al, 2016), in urban aerosol Saari et al, 2015b;Yu et al, 2016), from composting centers (O'Connor et al, 2015b), at high altitude Gabey et al, 2013;Perring et al, 2015;Ziemba et al, 2016), and in many other environments (Healy et al, 2014;Li et al, 2016;O'Connor et al, 2015a). The same instrumentation has been utilized for a number of studies involving the built, or indoor, environment as well (Wu et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic characterization and fluorescence threshold strategies for the wideband integrated bioaerosol sensor (WIBS) using size-resolved biological and interfering particles

et al. 2017

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Abstract. Atmospheric particles of biological origin, also referred to as bioaerosols or primary biological aerosol particles (PBAP), are important to various human health and environmental systems. There has been a recent steep increase in the frequency of published studies utilizing commercial instrumentation based on ultraviolet laser/light-induced fluorescence (UV-LIF), such as the WIBS (wideband integrated bioaerosol sensor) or UV-APS (ultraviolet aerodynamic particle sizer), for bioaerosol detection both outdoors and in the built environment. Significant work over several decades supported the development of the general technologies, but efforts to systematically characterize the operation of new commercial sensors have remained lacking. Specifically, there have been gaps in the understanding of how different classes of biological and non-biological particles can influence the detection ability of LIF instrumentation. Here we present a systematic characterization of the WIBS-4A instrument using 69 types of aerosol materials, including a representative list of pollen, fungal spores, and bacteria as well as the most important groups of non-biological materials reported to exhibit interfering fluorescent properties. Broad separation can be seen between the biological and non-biological particles directly using the five WIBS output parameters and by taking advantage of the particle classification analysis introduced by Perring et al. (2015). We highlight the importance that particle size plays on observed fluorescence properties and thus in the Perring-style particle classification. We also discuss several particle analysis strategies, including the commonly used fluorescence threshold defined as the mean instrument background (forced trigger; FT) plus 3 standard deviations (σ ) of the measurement. Changing the particle fluorescence threshold was shown to have a significant impact on fluorescence fraction and particle type classification. We conclude that raising the fluorescence threshold from FT + 3σ to FT + 9σ does little to reduce the relative fraction of biological material considered fluorescent but can significantly reduce the interference from mineral dust and other non-biological aerosols. We discuss examples of highly fluorescent interfering particles, such as brown carbon, diesel soot, and cotton fibers, and how these may impact WIBS analysis and data interpretation in various indoor and outdoor environments. The performance of the particle asymmetry factor (AF) reported by the instrument was assessed across particle types as a function of particle size, and comments on the reliability of this parameter are given. A comprehensive online supplement is provided, which includes size distributions broken down by fluorescent particle type for all 69 aerosol materials and comparing threshold strategies. Lastly, the study was designed to propose analysis strategies that may be useful to the broader community of UV-LIF instrumentation users in order to promote deeper discussions about how best to continue i...

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“…Other fluorescently active biopolymers include a wide variety of structural proteins and pigments; however, these microbial compounds are tremendously variable in conformation and intracellular quantity (Kepner and Pratt, 1994;Madigan et al, 2008;Hill et al, 2014). As such, the distribution of fluorescence yields from some (whole-cell) microbial bioaerosols has been reported to have sensitivities to age (Kanaani et al, 2007) as well as cultivation history and environmental conditions (Saari et al, 2014;Uk Lee et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sensitivity analyses of bioaerosol spectra from different UV-LIF instrument configurations are emerging in the litera-ture (Agranovski et al, 2003;Huffman et al, 2010;Poehlker et al, 2012), as are generalized performance indices designated as apparatus-specific detection efficiencies (Saari et al, 2014). These UV-LIF metrics include, but are not limited to, photomultiplier thresholds, fluorescent particle fraction (FPF) recoveries and specific quantum yield comparisons.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to classic Bayesian clustering approaches, referential methods can also be applied to analyze fluorescence distributions with selected optical properties, which may in turn be leveraged for environmental comparison(s). To this end, limited laboratory characterizations of some common bioaerosols have been introduced to different UV-LIF instruments, including single-and multiple-wavelength whole-cell microbial challenges in a variety of equipment configurations (Sivaprakasam et al, 2011;Healy et al, 2012;Saari et al, 2014). Some recent UV-LIF studies have demonstrated a library-based approach and specifically cite a need for expanding the database of intrinsic fluorescence properties associated with different PBAPs (Healy et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Chamber catalogues of optical and fluorescent signatures distinguish bioaerosol classes

et al. 2016

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Abstract. Rapid bioaerosol characterization has immediate applications in the military, environmental and public health sectors. Recent technological advances have facilitated single-particle detection of fluorescent aerosol in near real time; this leverages controlled ultraviolet exposures with single or multiple wavelengths, followed by the characterization of associated fluorescence. This type of ultraviolet induced fluorescence has been used to detect airborne microorganisms and their fragments in laboratory studies, and it has been extended to field studies that implicate bioaerosol to compose a substantial fraction of supermicron atmospheric particles. To enhance the information yield that newgeneration fluorescence instruments can provide, we report the compilation of a referential aerobiological catalogue including more than 50 pure cultures of common airborne bacteria, fungi and pollens, recovered at water activity equilibrium in a mesoscale chamber (1 m 3 ). This catalogue juxtaposes intrinsic optical properties and select bandwidths of fluorescence emissions, which manifest to clearly distinguish between major classes of airborne microbes and pollens.

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Effects of fungal species, cultivation time, growth substrate, and air exposure velocity on the fluorescence properties of airborne fungal spores

Cited by 19 publications

References 35 publications

Review: The Use of Real-Time Fluorescence Instrumentation to Monitor Ambient Primary Biological Aerosol Particles (PBAP)

Review: The Use of Real-Time Fluorescence Instrumentation to Monitor Ambient Primary Biological Aerosol Particles (PBAP)

Systematic characterization and fluorescence threshold strategies for the wideband integrated bioaerosol sensor (WIBS) using size-resolved biological and interfering particles

Chamber catalogues of optical and fluorescent signatures distinguish bioaerosol classes

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