Effects of Gadolinium and Tin to the Production of Oxidative Enzymes and the Growth of Five Basidiomycetous Fungi

Kähkönen, Mika A.; Miettinen, Otto; Kinnunen, Anu Johanna; Hatakka, Annele

doi:10.4172/2325-9655.1000139

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The inorganic Sn did not cause the leakage of potassium from the yeast cells however organotins did affect the physiological state of yeast. With reference to Basidiomycota, Kähkönen et al [28] showed that although there are individual species of fungi with a high tolerance towards inorganic Sn compounds (SnCl 4 •5H 2 O), there are many more species that lack this tolerance. It has been reported that SnCl 2 is capable of promoting the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are responsible for the oxidative stress that causes DNA damage [29].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of tin ions on growth and enzymatic activity of entomopathogenic fungi

Łopusiewicz

Mazurkiewicz-Zapalowicz

Koniuszek

et al. 2019

Acta Mycol

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In this in vitro study, the influence of tin ions at concentrations of 1–1,000 ppm on the development and enzymatic activity of four entomopathogenic fungi (Beauveria bassiana, B. brongniartii, Isaria fumosorosea, and Metarhizium robertsii), that are commonly used in biological plant protection, are examined. Each of the fungal species tested reacted differently to contact with the Sn2+ ions at the tested concentrations. Exposure to Sn2+ ions affected the rate of development, morphology, and enzymatic activity of fungi. Of the four fungal species studied, M. robertsii was the most resistant and showed complete growth inhibition at the highest Sn2+ concentration tested (1,000 ppm). For the other entomopathogenic fungi, the fungicidal effect of Sn2+ ions was noted at the concentration of 750 ppm. Exposure to Sn2+ ions (up to 500 ppm) resulted in enhanced biochemical activity; and all entomopathogens that were tested showed increased production of N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase (NAG) as well as several proteases. Moreover, B. brongniartii and M. roberstii showed increased lipases synthesis. These changes may increase the pathogenicity of the fungi, thereby making them more effective in limiting the population of pest insects. The exposure of the entomopathogenic fungi to a medium containing Sn2+ ions, at concentrations that were appropriate for each species, induced hyperproduction of hydrolases, which might be involved in aiding the survival of entomopathogenic fungi in the presence of heavy metals. This study shows that the fungistatic effect of Sn2+ on entomopathogenic fungi did not restrict their pathogenicity, as evidenced by the stimulation of the production of enzymes that are involved in the infection of insects.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of tin ions on growth and enzymatic activity of entomopathogenic fungi

Łopusiewicz

Mazurkiewicz-Zapalowicz

Koniuszek

et al. 2019

Acta Mycol

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“…As described by previous investigators ( Kähkönen et al, 2017 ), the basic test solid medium contained per liter the following compounds: 10 g of D-(+)-glucose anhydrous, 0,5 g of MgSO4.7 H2O, 2 g of KH2PO4, 0,1 g of CaCl2, 0,5 g of ammonium tartrate, 0,1 g of yeast extract and 25 g of agar. A solution of 2,2 dimethyl succinate (Sigma Aldrich Ltd., China) was used as buffer (pH 5.0) and the pH of the medium was adjusted using 1M NaOH or 1M HCl, before autoclaving.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A solution of 2,2 dimethyl succinate (Sigma Aldrich Ltd., China) was used as buffer (pH 5.0) and the pH of the medium was adjusted using 1M NaOH or 1M HCl, before autoclaving. One hundred milliliter (100 mL) of this medium was aseptically transferred to separate 250 mL sterile Erlenmeyer flasks, which were supplemented with mediator substrates for the enzymatic activity assay as described by Kähkönen et al (2017) with some modifications. Briefly, the medium was amended with 25 mg/kg of ABTS (Sigma Aldrich, South Africa) prepared in 25 mM sodium acetate buffer solution (pH 4.5) for Lac assay ( Collins et al, 1998 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among the ligninolytic enzyme groups, the present study targeted the fungal enzymes which are reported to play a key role in lignin degradation, namely laccases (Lac, E.C.1.10.3.2) and ligninolytic peroxidases especially lignin peroxidase (LiP, E.C.1.11.1.14) and manganese peroxidase (MnP, E.C.1.11.1.13). These fungal peroxidases are all ligninolytic heme-containing glycoprotein enzymes that require H2O2 as an oxidizing agent ( Kähkönen et al, 2017 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessing the Fungal Simultaneous Removal Efficiency of Carbamazepine, Diclofenac and Ibuprofen in Aquatic Environment

et al. 2021

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Unused pharmaceutical compounds (PhCs) discharged into the aquatic environment have been regarded as emerging pollutants due to potential harmful effects on humans and the environment. Microbial bioremediation is considered as a viable option for their removal from wastewater. The aim of this study was to assess the simultaneous removal of carbamazepine (CBZ), diclofenac (DCF) and ibuprofen (IBP) by previously isolated fungi (Aspergillus niger, Mucor circinelloides, Trichoderma longibrachiatum, Trametes polyzona, and Rhizopus microsporus). The tolerance to PhCs was conducted by tracking the fungal mycelium mat diameters in solid media and its dry biomass in liquid media, at the drug concentration range of 0.1 to 15 mg/L. The fungal enzymatic activities were determined for lignin peroxidase (LiP), manganese peroxidase (MnP) and laccase (Lac), respectively. The PhC removal efficiency of the fungi was assessed in aerated batch flasks and the drug concentrations and intermediate compounds formation were determined by using SPE-UPLC/MS. A tolerance over 70% was recorded for all the fungi at drug concentration of 0.1 mg/L. Manganese peroxidase was produced by all the fungi with very low amount of LiP, while all the enzymes were produced by T. polyzona. The pH of 4.3, temperature 37 ± 1.5°C and incubation time of 6 days were the optimum parameters for the fungal enzymatic activities. The best removal of CBZ (87%) was achieved by R. microsporus after 10 days. Between 78 and 100% removal of DCF was observed by all the fungi after 24 h, while 98% of IBP was removed after 2 days by M. circinelloides. Only a few intermediate compounds were identified after 3 days and disappeared after 10 days of incubation. This study demonstrated that apart from the basidiomycetes, the ascomycetes and zygomycetes are also producers of ligninolytic enzymes and have the ability to biodegrade emerging pollutants such as PhCs.

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“…Metals have been reported to cause deleterious impacts to the ability of fungi to degrade recalcitrant synthetic dyes by disturbing their physiology or inhibiting their enzyme activities (Gadd 2010;Hartikainen et al 2013, Kähkönen et al 2017. Synthetic dyes, which are used in large scale in production of textiles, paper products, end up in the environment at the different life stage (Hazrat 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of holmium and lithium to the growth of selected basidiomycetous fungi and their ability to degrade textile dyes

2020

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The impacts of Ho and Li (0, 10, 50, 200 mg/L) were tested towards the growth of four basidiomycetous fungal species, their ability to decolorise synthetic dyes (Reactive Green 19, Reactive Orange 16, Reactive Black 5), and produce oxidative enzymes. All species; Agrocybe dura, Skeletocutis biguttulata, Exidia saccharina and Galerina paludosa; grew with and without supplemented Ho or Li. The growth of S. biguttulata was the most tolerant species towards Ho or Li (200 mg/ L), whereas the growth of G. paludosa was the most sensitive of the studied species to both 200 mg Ho or Li/ L. All fungi oxidized ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) forming colour zone on a plate tests indicating production of lignin modifying laccase enzyme. A. dura and G. paludosa, formed black MnO2 zone in Mn 2+ plates, which indicates production of manganese peroxidase (MnP). A. dura and G. paludosa decolorised Reactive Black 5 indicating production of versatile peroxide (VP) enzyme. Our study presents two new candidate species able to produce VP. A. dura was capable of decolorising all tested synthetic dyes in the presence of Ho or Li (0 -200 mg/ L) suggesting that this fungus is a promising species for bioremediation of multi dye containing wastes.

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Effects of Gadolinium and Tin to the Production of Oxidative Enzymes and the Growth of Five Basidiomycetous Fungi

Cited by 5 publications

References 23 publications

The influence of tin ions on growth and enzymatic activity of entomopathogenic fungi

The influence of tin ions on growth and enzymatic activity of entomopathogenic fungi

Assessing the Fungal Simultaneous Removal Efficiency of Carbamazepine, Diclofenac and Ibuprofen in Aquatic Environment

Impacts of holmium and lithium to the growth of selected basidiomycetous fungi and their ability to degrade textile dyes

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