Effects of Game Characteristics and Player Positions on Concussion Incidence and Severity in Professional Football

Dai, Jiazhong; Li, Adam Y.; Haider, Syed; Tomaselli, Raechel; Gometz, Alex; Sobotka, Stanislaw; Post, Alexander F.; Adams, Richard H.; Maniya, Akbar Y; Lau, George; Kaye-Kauderer, Halley; Lovell, Mark R.; Choudhri, Tanvir F.

doi:10.1177/2325967118815448

Cited by 17 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Previous research has shown that TEs, RBs, CBs, and WRs have the highest rates of concussion, and passing positions overall have higher concussion incidence than running plays. This is attributed to the nature of collisions that occur in passing positions [1,22]. RBs did have higher concussion incidence in IH games, but contrary to expectations, the same effect was absent for TEs, CBs, and WRs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Incidents of sports injuries have been shown to increase over the course of a game and over the course of a season [1-5]. This trend is often attributed to player fatigue.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This trend is often attributed to player fatigue. However, in the National Football League (NFL), there are previous reports of no change or a slight decrease in the incidence of some injuries, including concussions, from the third quarter (weeks 8-12) to the fourth quarter of the season (weeks 13-16) [1,6]. This stagnation of concussion incidence in the fourth quarter of the season is inconsistent with the cumulative fatigue hypothesis and cannot be explained by any of the other known modulators of NFL concussion incidence such as the strength of schedule, style of play, altitude, temperature, or dew point [7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effect of Game Importance on Concussion Incidence in the National Football League: An Observational Study

Hannah

Dreher

Shankar

et al. 2019

Cureus

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IntroductionConcussion incidence in the National Football League (NFL) has been shown to generally increase as the season progresses. Yet, there is evidence that suggests that the incidence stagnates or decreases in the final quarter of the season in comparison to the third quarter. This anomaly cannot be explained by any of the known modulators of concussion incidence. However, the fact that the teams start getting eliminated from playoff contention in the fourth quarter of the season may explain this pattern in concussion incidence. This study tests whether there is a difference in concussion incidence in games between teams who are still in the playoff hunt [in the hunt (IH) games] versus games where both teams have had their playoff fate already determined (non-IH games).MethodsWe obtained details of 166 documented concussions from weeks 13-16 of each of the four NFL seasons from 2012 to 2015 from Public Broadcasting Service's (PBS) Frontline Concussion Watch and matched them to the games in which they occurred. Each game was categorized based on the playoff status [clinched (CL), eliminated (EL), or IH] of the teams playing in the game. Concussion incidence of the game types was compared to each other using a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test and student t-tests. Additionally, concussion incidences at six different player positions in important games were compared to the corresponding incidences in unimportant games. An ordinary least squares regression was used to examine the effects of game importance and plays per game on concussion incidence.ResultsConcussion incidence in important games (mean = 0.651 ±0.055) did not differ significantly (p: 0.890) from the incidence in unimportant games (mean = 0.623 ±0.143). Instead, plays per game was found to be the primary driver of concussion in the regression analysis (β = 0.01605; p: 0.025). At the position-specific level, running backs (RB) were the only position to demonstrate a significant increase in concussion incidence (p: 0.004) in important games (mean = 0.049 ±0.017) compared to unimportant games (mean = 0.00 ±0.00).ConclusionsThe results suggest that, in general, players are not more likely to suffer concussions in IH games than in non-IH games. However, RBs may have an increased risk of concussion in games with playoff implications than in games without.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Incidents of sports injuries have been shown to increase over the course of a game and over the course of a season [1-5]. This trend is often attributed to player fatigue.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effect of Game Importance on Concussion Incidence in the National Football League: An Observational Study

Hannah

Dreher

Shankar

et al. 2019

Cureus

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“…Numerous investigations in recent years have examined concussive injuries in the NFL, 6,9,22,37 NHL, 11,26,27 and MLB. 5,48,50,53 In each of these professional leagues, authors have reported that the institution of league-wide, formalized concussion policies resulted in increases in concussion incidence.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Concussions in the National Basketball Association: Analysis of Incidence, Return to Play, and Performance From 1999 to 2018

Patel

Okoroha

Jildeh

et al. 2019

Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine

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Background: The effect of concussions on professional athletes has been investigated in many sports. However, few studies have evaluated concussions in National Basketball Association (NBA) players. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that concussion incidence has increased, yet the return-to-play (RTP) rate will remain high following the institution of the NBA concussion policy (NBACP). We also hypothesized that the incidence of repeat concussions will be similar to first occurrences and that player performance and game availability will not be significantly affected by sustaining a concussion. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: Publicly available records were searched to identify all concussions from NBA seasons 1999-2000 to 2017-2018. Player demographics and information regarding career history were tabulated. Incidence of concussion and RTP timing were evaluated before and after institution of the NBACP (2011). Minutes per game and game score per minute were evaluated pre- versus postconcussion. Player availability and performance were also compared with an age-, body mass index–, position-, and experience-matched control group of players who did not sustain a concussion. Results: A total of 189 concussions were reported in the NBA from 1999 to 2018, with a mean ± SD incidence of 9.7 ± 7.3 concussions per season. Following implementation of the NBACP, incidence significantly increased from 5.7 ± 2.8 to 16.7 ± 7.5 concussions per season ( P = .007). All players returned to play following first-time concussion after missing 7.7 ± 8.6 days and 3.5 ± 4.1 games. RTP time was not significantly different after implementation of the NBACP (games missed, P = .24; days missed, P = .27), and there was no difference in concussion-free time interval ( P = .29). Game score per minute and minutes per game were not significantly affected by sustaining a concussion (both P > .05). Conclusion: Concussion incidence in NBA players is approximately 17 instances per season since the 2011 institution of a league-wide concussion policy. The number of reported concussions significantly increased following the policy, in line with trends seen in other professional sports leagues. Players have retained a high rate of RTP after 3 to 4 missed games. Player performance and availability are not affected by sustaining a concussion following successful RTP.

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“…No segundo estágio, o humor doados por jogadores desse esporte e foi identificado que algumas condições interferem no grau de severidade da patologia, dentre eles a idade da primeira exposição ao futebol, a duração de prática do esporte, a quantidade de concussões sofridas, bem como suas acelerações linear e rotacional.Assim, observou-se que aqueles que jogaram apenas no ensino médio tiveram formas mais leves da patologia, já os ex-jogadores universitários, semiprofissionais e profissionais apresentaram formas mais graves da doença. Contudo, foi comum em ambos os grupos, alterações de comportamento, humor e cognição, as quais estão associadas às concussões.Por sua vez,Dai et al (2018), pontuou como características que podem influenciar na severidade e na incidência das concussões em jogadores de futebol americano, fatores como posição do jogo, resultado da partida e duração da temporada. Assim, atletas que atuam na posição de passagem -"wide receiver", "tight end", "cornerback" e "safety" -têm mais chances de sofrer uma concussãoquando comparados àqueles que jogam na posição de corrida.…”

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Poluição Atmosférica E Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico

Yariwake¹,

Farhat²,

Veras³

2020

Medicina: Impactos Científicos E Sociais E Orientação a Problemas Nas Diversas Áreas De Saúde

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Todo o conteúdo deste livro está licenciado sob uma Licença de Atribuição Creative Commons. Atribuição 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0). O conteúdo dos artigos e seus dados em sua forma, correção e confiabilidade são de responsabilidade exclusiva dos autores. Permitido o download da obra e o compartilhamento desde que sejam atribuídos créditos aos autores, mas sem a possibilidade de alterá-la de nenhuma forma ou utilizá-la para fins comerciais.

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Effects of Game Characteristics and Player Positions on Concussion Incidence and Severity in Professional Football

Cited by 17 publications

References 19 publications

The Effect of Game Importance on Concussion Incidence in the National Football League: An Observational Study

The Effect of Game Importance on Concussion Incidence in the National Football League: An Observational Study

Concussions in the National Basketball Association: Analysis of Incidence, Return to Play, and Performance From 1999 to 2018

Poluição Atmosférica E Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico

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