Effects of gamma irradiation and moist heat for sterilization on sodium alginate

Abstract

Polysaccharides, such as alginates, are already being used as carriers for drug delivery. The physicochemical and biological properties of alginates may be affected via irradiation and thermal treatments. To explore and compare effects of two kinds of sterilization methods, gamma irradiation and moist heat, on sodium alginate (SA), physicochemical and biological properties of SA powder and solutions were investigated after sterilization. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) was used to assess the cytotoxicity of the SA after sterilization. The research showed that 25 kGy gamma ray can effectively sterilize microorganism. Both gamma irradiation and moist heat hardly affect the native pH of SA. Compared to irradiation sterilization, moist heat sterilization showed smaller changes in intrinsic viscosity for all SA samples and lead to less glycosidic bond breaking of SA powders. The moist heat sterilization can cause the main chain scission and double bonds formation of the SA solutions. Cytotoxicity studies demonstrated that sterilized SA powers and SA solutions treated by gamma ray sterilization can increase the viability of HUVEC. However, SA solutions treated by moist heat sterilization were found to present severe cytotoxicity. The research results may provide interesting future advancements toward the development of SA-based products for biomedical applications.

Influence of Cross-Linking Method and Disinfection/Sterilization Treatment on the Structural, Biophysical, Biochemical, and Biological Properties of Collagen-Based Devices

“…With respect to the human dermal fibroblasts cultures, neither the cross-linking method nor the disinfection/sterilization treatment appeared to have any effect, which is consistent with previous publications for EO-treated chitosan-, silk-, and numerous synthetic polymer-based devices, − ET-treated silk-, polyethylene glycol-, and titania-based devices, − GP-treated polyurethane, PCL and collagen scaffolds, ,, and GI-treated chitosan and alginate materials and decellularized dermis. − Phase contrast microscopy analysis of THP1 macrophages revealed different polarization phenotypes: M1 (round morphology; pro-inflammatory), M2 (elongated morphology; anti-inflammatory), and cell aggregates (foreign body response). , Such heterogeneous macrophage response has been previously reported as a function of different collagen cross-linking methods, suggesting that the cross-linking method employed, as opposed to the disinfection/sterilization treatment used, is more potent modulator of immune response.…”

Is there a cause-and-effect relationship between physicochemical properties and cell behavior of alginate-based hydrogel obtained after sterilization?

“…Even if Draget K L et al (Draget et al, 1990) produced sterilized alginate by filtration via an appropriate submicron filter, it is not very convenient for highly viscous of alginate hydrogel. Generally, moist heat (Hu et al, 2014;Ofori-Kwakye and Martin, 2005), autoclaving (Leo et al, 1990;Vandenbossche et al, 1993;Ofori-Kwakye and Martin, 2005), ethylene oxide (Leo et al, 1990), gamma-irradiation (Lee et al, 2003) and UV (Mao et al, 2012) are used to sterilize the alginate-powder, but for both of them lead to the chain scission and hemolysis of alginate due to the high pressure and temperature which the process of it is called de-polymerization. However, among all these sterilization process, there is no statistic analysis that studies the inter-relationship between the physicochemical characteristics of alginate hydrogel after sterilization and cell behavior.…”

Clinical Applicable Carboxymethyl Chitosan with Gel-Forming and Stabilizing Properties Based on Terminal Sterilization Methods of Electron Beam Irradiation

“…The results of our performance are broadly in line with existing studies on other different natural polysaccharides, such as studies on the changes occurring in polysaccharides such as pectin, cellulose, sodium alginate, etc., as a result of exposure to ionizing radiation. , These polysaccharides in the aqueous state are all very reactive free radicals due to water emission and tend to undergo irradiation degradation in the low viscosity state and irradiation cross-linking in the high viscosity state to the extent that they are not suitable for the next stage of the material’s use. While the solid state below 25 kGy does not change in the structure of the main chain, there will be a decrease in viscosity, as well as small changes in molecular weight, mainly due to the solid polysaccharides exposed to ionizing radiation that is mostly a result of direct action (when it is directly damaged by radiation) and also the existence of residual tiny water molecules through the radioactive decomposition products caused by the results of the indirect action …”