Effects of Gamma Radiation on the Larval Midgut of the Indian-Meal Moth, Plodia interpunctella (Lepidoptera: Phycitidae)

Ashraf, Mohammad; Brower, John; Tilton, Elvin W.

doi:10.2307/3573127

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Many adult insect species succumb to moderate (lethal-midlethal) doses of radiation, from several Gy in Anthonomus (Flint et al, 1966) to tens of Gy in Tribolium (Ducoff et al, 1971;Glenn & Ducoff, 1976), while some others, primarily the wasps (Clark & Rubin, 1961) and the dipterans (Stahler & Terzian, 1963;Atlan etal., 1970;Allen & Sohal, 1982) require high doses in hundreds of Gy. There is substantial evidence from partial body irradiation (Lee, 1964), from histological studies (Riemann & Flint, 1967;Ashraf et al, 1971) and from dose-fractionation studies , that the dose-independent pattern represents a mode of death which is the consequence of damage to the proliferative cells in the mid-gut epithelium. In the more sensitive group, death occurs within a restricted post-irradiation time period, the onset and duration of which are independent of dose, so that there is a characteristic acute LDso associated with each particular insect species or strain.…”

Section: Lntroductio~lmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These two very different mortality patterns suggest there are two different modes of radiation death. There is substantial evidence from partial body irradiation (Lee, 1964), from histological studies (Riemann & Flint, 1967;Ashraf et al, 1971) and from dose-fractionation studies , that the dose-independent pattern represents a mode of death which is the consequence of damage to the proliferative cells in the mid-gut epithelium. There is some evidence that the dosedependent pattern of mortality observed in the wasps and flies results from damage to the nervous system (Heidenthal, 1945;Grosch, 1956;Miquel et al, 1972).…”

Section: Lntroductio~lmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High‐dose mode of death in Tribolium

Cheng

Ducoff

1989

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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This study reports the first demonstration within a single insect genus (Tribolium) of both the acute, or lethal-midlethal, dose-independent pattern of mortality, and the hyperacute, dose-dependent pattern, after appropriate doses of ionizing radiation. This demonstration provides resolution of apparently contradictory reports of insect responses in terms of doses required to cause lethality and those based on survival time as a function of dose. A dose-dependent mortality pattern was elicited in adult Tribolium receiving high doses, viz., 300 Gy or greater; its time-course was complete in 10 days, before the dose-independent m~rtality began. Visual observations of heavily-irradiated Tribolium suggested neural and/or neuromuscular damage, as had been previously proposed by others for lethally-irradiated wasps, flies, and mosquitoes. Results of experiments using fractionated high doses supported the suggestion that the hypeIacute or high-dose mode of death is the result of damage to nonproliferative tissues. Relative resistance of a strain to the hyperacute or high-dose mode of death is not necessarily correlated with resistance to the midlethal mode, which is believed to be the result of damage to the proliferative cells of the midgut.

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Section: Lntroductio~lmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Lntroductio~lmentioning

confidence: 99%

High‐dose mode of death in Tribolium

Cheng

Ducoff

1989

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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“…In view of the paucity of histopathological studies of irradiated adult insects, the examination of radiation damage to the midgut of larval Indian-meal moths, Plodia interpunctella Hubner, is a valuable contribution (Ashraf, Brower & Tilton, 1971). The major effects observed after moderate (5 krad) doses were in the regenerative cells, but almost complete histolysis of the epithelium was found after 50 krad.…”

Section: Causes Of Death In Irradiated Adult Insectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Causes of Death in Irradiated Adult Insects

Ducoff¹

1972

Biological Reviews

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Summary 1. Irradiation of adult insects of many orders leads to their death. There is considerable evidence that such death occurs during a limited time period, both the beginning and duration of which are relatively independent of the dose over a wide range. This suggests the operation of a specific lethal syndrome. In other groups of insects, particularly Diptera and many moths, either the absence of somatic‐cell division or the short life of the imago prevents the development of this syndrome. These latter groups require much higher doses of radiation for the induction of demonstrable mortality, and the time‐course of mortality is closely related to the size of the dose. 2. Superficially, at least, radiation death of adult Diptera is comparable to that of supralethally irradiated insects of the taxa which exhibit the specific lethal syndrome after lower doses. There are some observations suggesting that the nervous system becomes involved after these high doses, just as there are for mammals exposed to high doses. 3. There is also some evidence, very convincing in itself, although available only from a small number of experiments, that the specific syndrome observed after lower lethal or mid‐lethal doses is a consequence of damage to the midgut, particularly to its regenerative cells. This clearly is analogous to the intestinal syndrome of mammals; as in the mammal, the processes which intervene between the cellular damage and the death of the organism remain in the realm of conjecture or controversy. This appears to be one of several areas in which more detailed investigation of the radiobiological phenomenon is certain to provide valuable information on normal physiological activities. 4. The response of insects differs greatly from that of mammals in that effects on disease‐resistance mechanisms, both cellular and humoral, are not prominent. The dose required for unequivocal demonstration of such effects may be greater than the dose required to produce lethality. If endogenous infection contributes to lethality after irradiation of otherwise healthy insects, there is, as yet, no convincing evidence for it. Nevertheless, radiation may provide a useful tool for probing the mechanisms of disease resistance of insects, and for examining the regulation and the kinetics of haemocyte formation. In addition, irradiated insects might be used to select virulent strains of potential insect pathogens. 5. Quantitative information on the response of insect cells, either in situ or in zlitro, is virtually non‐existent. Insect eggs have been used in a few investigations of cellular phenomena in radiation biology, but the only data applicable to dose‐response relationships are those of Murakami (1969, 1970), who has taken advantage of the synchronous division that occurs during the early embryonic development of Bombyx mori. The usefulness of insect cell‐cultures in delineating growth requirements and in propagating viruses has attracted far more attention than their potential for radiobiological investigations and other st...

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“…Previous research established that the population growth of Indianmeal moth within stored products could be controlled by treatment with 200 to 500 Gy of ionizing radiation (Brower & Tilton 1970, 1971, 1972Tilton et al 1978;Johnson & Vail 1987). Although the,navel orangeworm is not known to reproduce under storage conditions, its presence is a concern for'packers, who fear some reproduction might be possible.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Low doses of gamma radiation applied to lepidopterous pupae and adults reduce or prevent their reproduction (Brower & Tilton 1970, 1971, 1972Tilton et al 1978;Johnson & Vail 1987). Similar doses applied to larvae prevent pupation or adult emergence (Husseiny & Madsen 1964, Cogburn et al 1966, Brower 1980, Johnson & Vail 1988.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Damage to Raisins, Almonds, and Walnuts by Irradiated Indianmeal Moth and Navel Orangeworm Larvae (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

Johnson

Vail

1989

Journal of Economic Entomology

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Damage to raisins, almonds, and walnuts due to feeding by irradiated larvae of the Indianmeal moth, Plodia interpunctella (Hubner), and the navel orangeworm, Amyelois transitella (Walker), was determined. Larvae of both species were reared on bran diet. Age of the larvae when irradiated was 8 d for Indianmeal moth and 13 d for navel orangeworm. Larvae were irradiated with doses ranging from 337 to 497 Gy (gray) before transfer to almonds, walnuts, and raisins. Adult emergence was prevented by all doses. In products containing' irradiated larvae, damage was consistently reduced. The percentage 'of weight losses of almonds infested with untreated India!).meal moth and navel orangeworm larvae and of walnuts infested with untreated navel orangeworm larvae was significantly higher than the percentage of weight loss of those infested with irradiated larvae. Radiation also improved the overall appearance of the product by reducing webbing and frass. These results indicate that although radiation-induced mortality may be delayed, damage to product quality due to infestation by larvae would be significantly reduced. KEY WORDS Insecta, 'gamma radiation, Plodia interpunctella, Amyelois transitella MOST OF THE U.S. DRIED FRUIT and 'nut crop is produced in California (USDA 1985). A major problem in the production and processing of these products is the presence of postharvest insect in-festa~ions. Particularly important are two pyralid moths, the Indianmeal moth, Plodia interpunctella (Hiibner), and the navel orangeworm, Amyelois transitella (Walker). The Indianmeal moth is ca

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Effects of Gamma Radiation on the Larval Midgut of the Indian-Meal Moth, Plodia interpunctella (Lepidoptera: Phycitidae)

Cited by 13 publications

References 2 publications

High‐dose mode of death in Tribolium

High‐dose mode of death in Tribolium

Causes of Death in Irradiated Adult Insects

Damage to Raisins, Almonds, and Walnuts by Irradiated Indianmeal Moth and Navel Orangeworm Larvae (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

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