Effects of gaseous hydrogen on fatigue crack growth in pipeline steel

Cialone, H.J.; Holbrook, John H.

doi:10.1007/bf02656719

Cited by 85 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…While several researchers have also reported similar alteration of fracture features in hydrogen gas in the past, i.e. appearance of IG and QC with regards to low carbon or low alloy commercial steels [1,4,5], most of the interest had been particularly focused on the Stage II FCG with QC type fracture [5][6][7]. However, because the large part of fatigue life in practical components is MATEC Web of Conferences 165, 03011 (2018) https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201816503011 FATIGUE 2018 generally accounted for by the crack propagation under low stress intensity, the Stage I FCG accompanied by IG fracture should not be depreciated when attempting to evaluate the overall HAFCG phenomena.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 67%

“…For the storage and transportation of compressed gaseous hydrogen in the forthcoming hydrogen energybased society, hydrogen-assisted fatigue crack growth (HAFCG) in structural steels is of significant concern with regards to the safe design of high-pressure components such as pressure vessels or pipelines [1,2]. For elucidating the detailed fatigue crack growth (FCG) behaviour of iron and steels with ferritic, i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydrogen-assisted fatigue crack propagation in a pure BCC iron. Part I: Intergranular crack propagation at relatively low stress intensities

et al. 2018

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Abstract. The role of hydrogen on intergranular (IG) fracture in hydrogen-assisted fatigue crack growth (HAFCG) of a pure iron at low stress intensity was discussed in terms of the microscopic deformation structures near crack propagation paths. The main cause of IG fracture was assumed to be the hydrogen-enhanced dislocation structure evolution and subsequent microvoids formation along the grain boundaries. Additionally, the impact of such IG cracking on the macroscopic FCG rate was evaluated according to the dependency of IG fracture propensity on the hydrogen gas pressure. It was first demonstrated that the increased hydrogen pressure results in the larger area fraction of IG and corresponding faster FCG rate. Moreover, gaseous hydrogen environment also had a positive influence on the FCG rate due to the absence of oxygen and water vapor. The macroscopic crack propagation rate was controlled by the competition process of said positive and negative effects.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen-assisted fatigue crack propagation in a pure BCC iron. Part I: Intergranular crack propagation at relatively low stress intensities

et al. 2018

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“…Table shows the result of a literature survey regarding the purity of hydrogen gas used for experiments . As described above, oxygen and other specific gas impurities contained in hydrogen gas environment have inhibitory effects on hydrogen‐induced degradation of material strength.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibitory effect of oxygen on hydrogen‐induced fracture of A333 pipe steel

Komoda

Kubota

Staykov

et al. 2019

Fatigue Fract Eng Mat Struct

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The effect of oxygen contained in hydrogen gas environment as an impurity on hydrogen environment embrittlement (HEE) of A333 pipe steel was studied through the fracture toughness tests in hydrogen gases. The oxygen contents in the hydrogen gases were 100, 10, and 0.1 vppm. A significant reduction in the J‐Δa curve was observed in the hydrogen with 0.1‐vppm oxygen. Under given loading conditions, the embrittling effect of hydrogen was completely inhibited by 100 vppm of oxygen. In the case of the hydrogen with 10‐vppm oxygen, initially the embrittling effect of hydrogen was fully inhibited, and then subsequently appeared. It was confirmed that 1‐vppm oxygen reduced the embrittling effect of hydrogen. The results can be explained by the predictive model of HEE proposed by Somerday et al.

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“…Rather, it is the codes and standards, such as ASME B31.12, that will guide the design of pipelines and account for the effect of hydrogen. It is well documented that in a hydrogen gas environment, stronger grades of steel lose more of their ductility, as measured by the elongation to failure or the reduction of area, than do weaker steels . For example, an API 5L X100 steel loses more of its elongation to failure than does an API 5L X52 pipeline steel (the number designation for these steels corresponds to its yield strength in ksi).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Typically, fuel in pipelines is repressurized two or three times per day. But low frequencies also allow time for the hydrogen to migrate freely within the material and higher pressures provide the driving force to accelerate fatigue crack growth rate (FCGRs) . Because tests at low frequencies are time consuming, there are limited data in the literature, and virtually nonexistent for pipeline steels at frequencies below 1 Hz…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatigue crack growth rates of API X70 pipeline steel in a pressurized hydrogen gas environment

Drexler

Slifka

Amaro

et al. 2013

Fatigue Fract Eng Mat Struct

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A B S T R A C T Hydrogen is known to have a deleterious effect on most engineering alloys. It has been shown repeatedly that the strength of steels is inversely related to the ductility of the material in hydrogen gas. However, the fatigue properties with respect to strength are not as well documented or understood. Here, we present the results of tests of the fatigue crack growth rate (FCGR) on API X70 from two sources. The two materials were tested in air, 5.5 and 34 MPa pressurized hydrogen gas, and at both 1 and 0.1 Hz. At these hydrogen pressures, the FCGR increases above that of air for all values of the stress intensity factor range (ΔK) greater than~7 MPa · m 1/2 . The effect of hydrogen is particularly sensitive at values of ΔK below~15 MPa · m 1/2 . That is, for values of ΔK between 7 and 15 MPa · m 1/2 , the FCGR rapidly increases from approximately that found in air to as much as two orders of magnitude above that in air. Above 15 MPa · m 1/2 , the FCGR remains approximately one to two orders of magnitude higher than that of air.Keywords fatigue; fatigue crack growth rate; hydrogen environment assisted cracking; hydrogen-induced cracking; pipeline steel; X70 steel. N O M E N C L A T U R Ea = crack length A, b, a1, a2, B1, B2, m1 and d1 = fitting parameters API = American Petroleum Institute ASME = American Society of Mechanical Engineers ASTM = American Society for Testing and Materials C(T) = compact tension da/dN = fatigue crack growth rate FCGR = fatigue crack growth rate FPZ = fatigue process zone H (Heaviside step function) = 0 or 1 HA-FCG = hydrogen-assisted fatigue crack growth N = number of cycles P H = hydrogen pressure P H th = Threshold Hydrogen Pressure Q = effective activation energy R = universal gas constant (8.314 J/mol K) R a = average surface roughness T = absolute temperature V = partial molar volume of hydrogen w = width of the specimen ΔK = stress intensity factor range σ h = hydrostatic stress at the crack tip σ y = yield stress σ UTS = ultimate tensile stress Correspondence: E. S. Drexler.

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Effects of gaseous hydrogen on fatigue crack growth in pipeline steel

Cited by 85 publications

References 11 publications

Hydrogen-assisted fatigue crack propagation in a pure BCC iron. Part I: Intergranular crack propagation at relatively low stress intensities

Hydrogen-assisted fatigue crack propagation in a pure BCC iron. Part I: Intergranular crack propagation at relatively low stress intensities

Inhibitory effect of oxygen on hydrogen‐induced fracture of A333 pipe steel

Fatigue crack growth rates of API X70 pipeline steel in a pressurized hydrogen gas environment

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