EFFECTS OF GELATIN AND GLUTARALDEHYDE CONCENTRATIONS ON CHARACTERISTICS OF CANTIGI (Vaccinium Varingiaefolium Miq.) EXTRACT LOADED GELATIN NANOPARTICLES AS ANTIOXIDANT

Abstract

Cantigi is an endemic plant of sub-alpine area of Mount Tangkuban Parahu in Bandung, Indonesia. Previous study showed ethanol extract of young red leaves had antioxidant activity, however no information on this activity if changed into nanoparticles. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of gelatin and glutaraldehyde concentrations on the characteristics of Cantigi extract loaded gelatin nanoparticles and to evaluate the antioxidant activity of nanoparticles. Cantigi leaves were extracted by maceration using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol 96%. The ethanol extract was dried, made into nanoparticles by varying gelatin (0.1; 0.2; and 0.3 g) and glutaraldehyde (0.1; 0.2; and 0.3 mL) amounts, and conducted at 500 rpm and 40 °C for 3 hours. Nanoparticles were evaluated for particle size, zeta potential, morphology, and antioxidant activity. Nanoparticles with glutaraldehyde amount variation had particle sizes (PS) of 105.9±26.2; 37.1±8.7; and 32.5±7.4 nm; polydispersity indeces (PI) of 0.508; 0.717; and 0.563; zeta potential values (ZPV) of 0.55; 0.89; and 0.78 mV; and antioxidant activities (IC50) of 56.15±0.16; 53.67±0.10; and 51.57±0.39 ppm, respectively. Then, nanoparticles with gelatin amounts variation had PS of 22.5±5.1; 37.1±8.7; and 83.3±21 nm; PI of 0.604; 0.717; 0.326; ZPV of 1.27; 0.89; 0.18 mV; and antioxidant activities of 51.58±0.19; 53.67±0.12; and 55.46±0.04 ppm, respectively. Nanoparticle morphology was spherical. Cantigi leaf extract can be made into gelatin nanoparticles; the smaller the concentration of the polymer used and higher the concentration of the glutaraldehyde, the smaller the resulted particle size and increased antioxidant activity. Antioxidant activities of nanoparticles was lower than those of the extract (IC50 16.84±0.30 ppm).

In vitro anti-ageing activity of ethanol extract of Cantigi (Vaccinium varingiaefolium Blume Miq.) leaf and the extract loaded gelatin nanoparticles

“…Figure 1 shows the morphology of Cantigi extract-loaded gelatin nanoparticles enlarged 3000 times using SEM. It was spherical and consistent with the previous report (Kosasih et al, 2019). This is the first report on the antiageing activities of Cantigi leaf extracts and gelatin nanoparticles loaded with the extracts.…”

“…In general, all evaluated parameters met the standards (Ditjen POM RI, 2000). Table II (A) shows the formula of Cantigi extract-loaded gelatin nanoparticles used in the study based on previous reports (Khan, 2014;Kosasih et al, 2019). The study in 2019 used ethanol extract as the active ingredient.…”

Capsule Dosage Forms Containing Natural Antioxidant Microcapsules of Cantigi Extract

“…The empirical uses of Cantigi are antiinflammatory, antispasmolytic, and antihypertensive. A previous study showed that Cantigi extract has a very potent antioxidant activity (IC50 <20 ppm) (Kosasih et al, 2021).…”

Standardization of Ethanol Extract 96% Cantigi Leaves (Vaccinium varingiaefolium Miq.)

“…Research that has been conducted on phytochemical screening shows that cantigi leaves contain phytochemical compounds such as anthocyanins, chlorophyll, phenols, saponins, steroids, tannins, triterpenoids, and flavonoids (5) . Previous research showed cantigi leaves extract has antioxidant activity and an IC 50 of 16.84 ppm, which is categorized as having very strong antioxidant activity (6). Therefore, to obtain standardized cantigi leaf extract (Vaccinium varingaefolium Miq.…”