Effects of Genotype and Climatic Conditions on the Oil Content and Its Fatty Acids Composition of Carthamus tinctorius L. Seeds

Abstract

Safflower seeds provide an oil rich in mono and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Its adaptation to drought and high temperatures makes it an alternative for the development of oleaginous crops in semi-arid areas. This study examines the oil content and the chemical composition of seed oil from three safflower accessions (Gila, Halab, Touggourt) cultivated over three years (2015, 2016, and 2017) in a semi-arid area in Tiaret (West of Algeria). Under these semi-arid conditions, characterized by low rainfall and high temperatures, seed oil content remained relatively high and was composed mainly of unsaturated fatty acids, with their ratio to saturated fatty acids reaching an average value of 9. Seed oil content varies between 22.8% and 28.4% among the genotypes and throughout the three years. The extracted oil consists essentially of unsaturated fatty acids, linoleic and oleic acids, poly and monounsaturated, respectively. Their contents over the three years vary between 75% and 79.3% for linoleic acid and between 10.2% and 14.7% for oleic acid. The saturated fatty acids content of the oil reached a maximum value of 9%. They consist mainly of palmitic acid, of which the average genotypic content varies between 6.6% and 7.15% depending on all grown years. The results obtained may assist in better understanding the response of cultivars under rainfed conditions and could be helpful for breeders with regards to introduction into selection programs.

Oil content, fatty acid and phytosterol compositions of chia seeds cultivated under organic conditions in France

“…1). As already reported in literature, temperatures and rainfall have an important impact on fatty acid composition in several oilseed species (Gouzy et al, 2016;Roche et al, 2016Roche et al, , 2019Merah et al, 2020;Nguyen et al, 2020;Zemour et al, 2021). In Atlas Pistachio, Labdelli et al (2019) reported differences in oil content and fatty acid composition in four locations.…”

“…Our reports have studied the chemical composition of different oil crops species as Brassicaceae (rapeseed and woad), shell seeds (sunflower and safflower) and oleoproteaginous and mucilaginous seeds (flax, camelina; Roche et al, 2010a, 2010b: Fabre et al, 2015, 2020: Zemour et al, 2021: Cassen et al, 2022. In a first publication, we studied the accumulation of oil and both fatty acid and sterols composition during seed development and filling of chia (Gravé et al, 2019).…”

Effect of Harvesting Time on the Chemical Composition of Cynara cardunculus L. var. altilis Blades

“…In particular, the analysis of the lipid composition of different cardoon plant tissues verified the higher lipid content in samples collected at intermediate stages of maturation, e.g., samples of bracts at PGS 5/6 [20], floral capitula at PGS 5 [13], and petioles at PGS 6/7 [14]. Similar results were reported by Curt et al [21], who also noted the significant effect of the growing condition on the fatty acid composition of cardoon seed oil, as well by Ashrafi and Razmjoo [22] and Zemour et al [23], who studied the fatty acid composition of safflower seeds. According to Sanyal and Linder [24], the proportion of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids is adapted according to the ambient temperatures to increase fitness as part of plants' adaptive evolution.…”

The Effects of Carbon Source and Growth Temperature on the Fatty Acid Profiles of Thermobifida fusca

“…Despite this potential for producing desirable bioproducts, the yield of fatty acids from T. fusca cultures is relatively low as compared to such oleaginous organisms, such as plant oil seed crops (e.g., sunflower, canola, safflower), yeasts (e.g., Yarrowia lipolytica and Rhodosporidium toruloides ) and microalgae (e.g., Botryococcus braunii ). These later organisms hyperaccumulate fatty acid containing neutral lipids that can account for 20–60% of the dry biomass ( Banerjee et al, 2002 ; Sharafi et al, 2015 ; Patel et al, 2019 ; Liu H. et al, 2021 ; Liu Y. et al, 2021 ; Petraru et al, 2021 ; Zemour et al, 2021 ). In contrast, T. fusca accumulates fatty acids at approximately 1 mg/g dry biomass.…”