Effects of Gestational Cadmium Exposure on Pregnancy Outcome and Development in the Offspring at Age 4.5 Years

Abstract

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the potential effect of maternal cadmium exposure on pregnancy outcome and development in the offspring at age 4.5 years. Between November 2002 and December 2003, 109 normal pregnant women were enrolled in our cohort from Da-Ye Country, Hubei Province in Central China. The placental, whole blood, and cord blood levels of cadmium were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS). The 106 children at 4.5 years of age given birth by the aforementioned women were followed up and the following rate was 97.25%. Detailed questionnaire surveys, anthropometric measurements were performed, and IQ development was evaluated by Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence Revised Edition (WPPSI-R). Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that cord blood cadmium level was significantly negatively correlated with fetus development. Low birth weight (less than 2,500 g) occurred significantly more frequently in infants with higher cord blood cadmium than in those exposed to lower levels of cord blood cadmium. Significantly negative correlation was found between cord blood cadmium exposure and WPPSI-R IQ full score after controlling for confounding variables. It was concluded that cord blood cadmium concentration was a factor that influenced fetus growth and later IQ development.

Moderate Prenatal Cadmium Exposure and Adverse Birth Outcomes: a Role for Sex‐Specific Differences?

“…Other studies have found adverse associations of maternal B‐Cd with SGA and/or birthweight in models adjusted for smoking 14, 15, 16. Conversely, other studies have found no associations7, 9, 12, 30 or even beneficial associations31 with birthweight or SGA in models adjusted or stratified for smoking, even when mean or median maternal B‐Cd levels were high (>1 μg/L) 10, 32, 33. There is greater consensus for other birth outcomes (birth length or crown–heel length, head circumference, gestational age, preterm birth), with most studies finding no associations (see Table S5).…”

Grouping of histone deacetylase inhibitors and other toxicants disturbing neural crest migration by transcriptional profiling

“…NCC give rise to rib cage (Henderson et al, 1999); (1) (Grandjean et al, 1997); (2) (Grandjean and Landrigan, 2006); (3) (Opler et al, 2008); (4) (Ha et al, 2009); (5) (Tian et al, 2009); (6) (Kippler et al, 2012); (7) (Hamadani et al, 2011); (8) (Saha et al, 2012); (9) (Eubig et al, 2010); (10) (Patandin et al, 1999); (11) (Valvi et al, 2012); (12) (Lai et al, 2002); (13) (Chen et al, 1992); (14) (Zarn et al, 2004); (15) (Di Renzo et al, 2007); (16) (Machera, 1995); (17) (Giavini and Menegola, 2010); (18) (Krieger, 2004); (19) (Dean et al, 2002); (20) (Arndt et al, 2005); (21) (Meador et al, 2006); (22) (Rasalam et al, 2005); (23) (Menegola et al, 2005b); (24) (Verbois, 2006); (25) (Valenzuela-Fernandez et al, 2008).…”

The Role of Heavy Metal Pollution in Neurobehavioral Disorders: a Focus on Autism

“…It is important to say that these results were based on the hair Cd analysis in children, which may be subject to external contamination. In a more recent study, the effects of maternal exposure in the offspring were assessed by measuring cord blood Cd levels that present the absolute amount of metal that reaches the fetus through the placenta (Tian et al 2009). Tian et al (2009) reported an IQ full score of children in the higher cord blood cadmium group that was significantly lower with respect to the controls.…”

“…In a more recent study, the effects of maternal exposure in the offspring were assessed by measuring cord blood Cd levels that present the absolute amount of metal that reaches the fetus through the placenta (Tian et al 2009). Tian et al (2009) reported an IQ full score of children in the higher cord blood cadmium group that was significantly lower with respect to the controls. Moreover, cadmium concentration in urine (that may be used as a biomarker of exposure in early pregnancy), even at low doses, was associated to decreased IQ scores in children (Kippler et al 2012a).…”