Effects of gibberellin applications before flowering on the phenotype, ripening, and flavonoid compounds of Syrah grape berries

Abstract

BACKGROUND Vitis vinifera L. cv. Syrah grapevines in most Chinese viticulture regions generally have compact clusters that increase the susceptibility to diseases and inhibit coloration of the inner berries. Gibberellic acid (GA3) is a plant growth regulator that is widely used during grape cultivation to elongate the rachis, control fruit set, and decrease cluster compactness. In this study, Syrah grapevines were treated with GA3 before flowering in 2019 and 2020 to determine the optimal GA3 treatment concentrations and times for decreasing bunch compactness, while minimizing the negative effects on the wine grape cluster weight. RESULTS Pre‐flowering GA3 applications at 3, 5, and 7 mg L−1, especially treatment at 20 days before flowering, decreased Syrah grape bunch compactness by decreasing the fruit set rate and promoting bunch elongation, with minimal adverse effects on the healthy grape cluster weight in both years. The 7 mg L−1 GA3 treatment at 20 days before flowering significantly increased reducing sugar, total phenolic, tannin, and total anthocyanin contents of Syrah grape berries in 2019 and 2020. Moreover, high‐performance liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization–tandem mass spectrometry, hierarchical cluster, and principal component analysis results indicated GA3 applications before flowering (3, 5, and 7 mg L−1) significantly affected the accumulation of different anthocyanins in Syrah grape berries. Notably, the application of 7 mg L−1 GA3 at 20 days before flowering resulted in the highest anthocyanin content. CONCLUSION Pre‐flowering gibberellin application can decrease bunch compactness and improve the quality of Syrah grape berries. These findings reflect the potential utility of gibberellin treatments for decreasing cluster compactness and increasing the quality of wine grapes. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.

Plant Development and Crop Yield: The Role of Gibberellins

“…GA addition increases grapes size [ 245 ], representing one of the first experiments carried out to use GA in agronomic production [ 246 ]. They are also used to reduce the density of bunches increasing fruit size [ 247 , 248 ] and decreasing bunch rot [ 249 , 250 , 251 ]. However, these results are not observed in all grapevine varieties [ 252 ].…”

Modification of wine phenolic profiles by gibberellic acid application in ‘Cabernet Gernischt’ grapevines before anthesis

“…GA 3 treatment concentrations higher than 5 mg L −1 significantly increased TP in wines by 10.0% to 16.2% in 2019 and by 7.2% to 24.1% in 2020, and increased TT by 5.1% to 9.8% in 2019 and by 7.6% to 25.8% in 2020. Previous studies also reported that GA 3 inflorescent application induced significant increases on phenolic and tannin contents of table and wine grape berries 35,36 . Teszlák et al .…”

“…Previous studies also reported that GA 3 inflorescent application induced significant increases on phenolic and tannin contents of table and wine grape berries. 35,36 Teszlák et al concluded that the effects of GA 3 application on wine phenolics were cultivar dependent. 18 In our study, GA 3 treatments also significantly increased TAC in wines by 10.6% to 38.7% in 2019 and by 17.8% to 42.8% in 2020, with the exception of the 5 mg L −1 GA 3 treatment in 2020.…”

Functional Characterization of CsF3Ha and Its Promoter in Response to Visible Light and Plant Growth Regulators in the Tea Plant

“…Interestingly, MeJA-related elements were not predicted in P2 and P3, but data demonstrated that P2 and P3 transgenic plants respond to MeJA, suggesting their potential as MeJA-inducing elements. PGRs, including ABA [ 19 ], MeJA [ 20 ], GA 3 [ 21 ], and ethephon [ 22 ], play a role in foliar anthocyanin accumulation [ 23 , 24 ]. Notably, ethephon-related elements were not predicted in CsF3Ha promoter prediction analysis.…”