Effects of Ginkgo biloba Extract on Inflammatory Mediators (SOD, MDA, TNF‐α, NF‐κBp65, IL‐6) in TNBS‐Induced Colitis in Rats

Abstract

Inflammatory mediators play a criticial role in ulcerative colitis immune and inflammatory processes. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of Ginkgo biloba extract on inflammatory mediators (SOD, MDA, TNF-α, NF-κBp65, IL-6) in TNBS-induced colitis in rats. Colitis in rats was induced by colonic administration with 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS, 150 mg/kg). EGB in doses of (50, 100, 200 mg/kg) was administered for 4 weeks to protect colitis. The results showed that EGB could significantly ameliorate macroscopic and histological damage, evidently elevate the activities of SOD and reduce the contents of MDA, inhibit the protein and mRNA expressions of TNF-α, NF-κBp65, and IL-6 in the colon tissues of experimental colitis in a dose-dependent manner compared with the model group. We concluded that the probable mechanisms of EGB ameliorated inflammatory injury in TNBS-induced colitis in rats by its modulation of inflammatory mediators and antioxidation

Protective and Therapeutic Effects of Polygonum cognatum Meissn Aqueous Extract in Experimental Colitis

“…Some approaches for UC treatment include inhibition of ROS producing enzymes, direct scavenging of ROS or improvement of cellular antioxidant pools. As a possible mechanism herbal treatment could scavenge oxidative-free radicals, down-regulate some of the inflammatory mediators involved in the intestinal immune and inflammatory responses, including TNF-α, NF-κBp65 and IL-6 resulting in the improvement of UC (33). In our study, sterols, triterpenes, tanins, polyuronides, and saponines have been observed in the contents of the PC.…”

Ursolic acid protects against ulcerative colitis via anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects in mice

“…Oxidative stress and its consequent lipid peroxidation can aggravate free radical chain reactions, disrupt the integrity of intestinal mucosa barrier and activate pro-inflammatory responses. MDA, a marker of lipid peroxidative damage, and SOD, an important antioxidative enzyme, have been reported to increase and decrease in experimental colitis studies, respectively (20,21). Antioxidative and anti-inflammatory treatment improved these effects on the MDA level and SOD activity in experimental ulcerative colitis (20,21).…”

The Effect of Alpha-Lipoic Acid on Myringosclerosis in a Rat Model

“…ALA may be beneficial in preventing the development of MS by affecting the release of serum inflammatory cytokines-in other words, showing an anti-inflammatory effect [11,15,31] . In many previous studies, the beneficial effects of anti-inflammatory agents on MS have been shown [6,21,26,27,32] . In most of the experimental studies on myringosclerosis, histological and otomicroscopic evaluations were preferred.…”

“…After the revelation of the role of oxygen free radicals in the pathogenesis of MS, thanks especially to the study of Mattson et al [21] , many studies showed that this damage, caused by oxygen free radicals, could be successfully reduced or prevented by using antioxidant, free radical connective substances and anti-inflammatory agents that have been reported in the literature. Of these, ascorbic acid, vitamin E, selenium, L-carnitine, N-acetylcysteine , caffeic acid, ginkgo biloba, pomegranate, N-nitro L-arginine, steroids, and melatonin can be considered [6,17,[21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] .…”

“…Many researchers evaluating the effectiveness of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents in MS have used tympanic membrane thickness as a parameter for histopathological evaluation and claimed that there was a positive correlation between TM thickness and the severity of myringosclerosis [25][26][27][28][29] . Kazikdas et al [29] showed the preventive effect of melatonin on MS, which is an antioxidant that is saved from lipid peroxidation and reduces proinflammatory cytokine levels.…”