Effects of ginsenoside Rb1 on spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats

Abstract

Background The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of different doses of ginsenoside Rb1 (GRb1) pretreatment on spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion (SCII) in rats and explore the potential mechanisms about the expression of survivin protein after the intervention. Methods A total of 90 healthy adult Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into six groups: sham-operated ( n = 15), SCII model ( n = 15), and GRb1-treated groups ( n = 60). The GRb1-treated group was divided into four subgroups: 10 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg, 40 mg/kg, and 80 mg/kg ( n = 15). The corresponding dose of GRb1 was injected intraperitoneally 30 min before operation and every day after operation. Forty-eight hours after model establishment, the neurological function of hind limbs was measured with Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) scale. The superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in serum and spinal cord tissue were detected respectively. The expression of survivin protein was observed by immunofluorescence staining. HE and TUNEL staining were used to observe neural cell injury and apoptosis, respectively, in the spinal cord of rats with SCII. Results The intervention of different doses of GRb1 could increase SOD activity and decrease MDA content in serum and spinal cord tissue, increase survivin protein expression, and decrease neuronal apoptosis. It was dose-dependent, but there was no significant change between 40 mg/kg and 80 mg/kg. Conclusions GRb1 could reduce the cell apoptosis induced by SCII through inhibiting oxidative stress. It can also inhibit apoptosis by promoting the expression of Survivin protein. Ginsenoside Rb1 had a dose-dependent protective effect on SCII in the dose range of 10 mg/kg–40 mg/kg.

Ginsenoside Rb1 attenuates microglia activation to improve spinal cord injury via microRNA‐130b‐5p/TLR4/NF‐κB axis

“…In this study, we demonstrated that the administration of GRb1 could alleviate SCI, as evidenced by the increase of BBB score, reduction of TUNEL positive cell percentage, and amelioration of histopathologic lesions, which was in line with previous studies (Huang et al, 2015; Zhao et al, 2018). For instance, Ye et al (2019) showed that the introduction of GRb1 could improve rat locomotor function, reduce malondialdehyde content, and increase superoxide dismutase level in serum and spinal cord tissues, ameliorate histopathologic abnormality of the spinal cord, facilitate survivin expression in spinal cord tissues, and inhibit neuronal cell apoptosis in SCI rats. Huang et al (2015) demonstrated that GRb1 enhanced rat locomotor function, relieved neuronal injury, and inhibited spinal cord cell apoptosis in SCI rats.…”

“…Spinal cord segments (about 20 mm) containing injured sites were harvested for subsequent experiments. The concentration of GRb1 in SCI animal model mainly referred to a prior study (Ye et al, 2019), which pointed out that GRb1 at the concentration of 40 mg/kg has the best therapeutic effect on SCI in the rat model. In animal and cell model, GRb1 was dissolved in 0.9% physiological saline to a stock concentration of 5 mg/ml.…”

“…In this study, we demonstrated that the administration of GRb1 could alleviate SCI, as evidenced by the increase of BBB score, reduction of TUNEL positive cell percentage, and amelioration of histopathologic lesions, which was in line with previous studies (Huang et al, 2015;Zhao et al, 2018). For instance, Ye et al (2019) croglia and secondary injury after SCI, expression patterns of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α were measured at the lesion sites of SCI rats. Our results revealed that IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α levels were notably elevated at the injured sites after SCI, suggesting that microglia were activated post SCI.…”

Regulation of Mitochondrial Quality Control by Natural Drugs in the Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases: Potential and Advantages

“…energy metabolism (Nanao-Hamai et al, 2019;Ye et al, 2019;Zhou et al, 2019). Rb1 can protect cardiomyocytes from hypoxia/ischemia injury in vitro, and its protective mechanism primarily involves inhibiting the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis (Yan et al, 2014).…”

Protective Effects and Network Analysis of Ginsenoside Rb1 Against Cerebral Ischemia Injury: A Pharmacological Review

“…GRb1, ginsenoside Rb1; I/R, indicates ischemia and reperfusion. (Yang et al, 2008;Liu et al, 2013;Ye et al, 2019), acute renal injury-protective Sun et al, 2012;Chen et al, 2019), cardiovascularprotective Xia et al, 2011;Zheng et al, 2017;Li et al, 2020), lung injury-protective (Wang et al, 2013;Chen et al, 2014;Jiang et al, 2015;Li et al, 2015), and antiaging (Dong et al, 2017;Zhou et al, 2019a) effects, in many in vitro and in vivo models.…”