Effects of glatiramer acetate on spasticity in previously interferon-β-treated and treatment-naive patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: A prospective, nonrandomized, open-label, uncontrolled, observational pilot study

Spasticity improvement in patients with relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis switching from interferon-β to glatiramer acetate: The Escala Study

“…PSFS, MAS, ATRS and GPS). These results support the decrease in scores on PSFS, MAS, and GPS observed in a previously reported pilot study from starting GA treatment to the end of follow-up at month 18 [7]. However, our results also showed that this improvement in spasticity appeared during the first months of treatment with GA, based on the fact that significant changes in all spasticity measurements were noticeable by three months after starting treatment.…”

“…Sample size determination was based on a pilot study that evaluated the effects of GA on spasticity in patients with RRMS [7]. The scale with the lowest variation during the study was considered to guarantee statistical significance of the variable with the lowest change.…”

Foot placement patterns of female rollator users with multiple sclerosis in the community

“…Reasons for prescribing a rollator to individuals with MS may include: (1) decreasing weight bearing; (2) decreasing pain; and/or (3) to account for balance deficits. Nevertheless, spasticity levels were similar to those reported in other studies [33]. In terms of clinical categorization, the proportion of participants with a PPMS course of the disease (10%) was quite representative of the population at large [1].…”

“…Spasticity levels were documented using the Penn Spasm Frequency Scale (PSFS), a selfreport measure in which participants rate their perceptions of spasticity based on the frequency of muscle spasms, using a five-point ordinal scale [31,32]. This measurement tool is commonly used by clinicians and researchers to characterize individuals with MS [33].…”

BG-12 and its potential for the prevention of relapse in multiple sclerosis

“…92,93 Moreover the injectable IFN-β can cause a transient flu-like syndrome, muscle aches, spasticity and possibly depression that impacts QoL. 94,95 Before the advent of oral DMTs, these side effects had to be balanced with the safety issues of natalizumab, including the potentially fatal progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), that arises as a result of JC virus reactivation, 96 this risk can now be managed with the development of pre-natalizumab treatment JC antibody screening. 97,98 Natalizumab has also been associated with the development of neutralizing antibodies, which may persist in up to 6% of patients, potentially causing hypersensitivity reactions and loss of drug efficacy.…”