Effects of Glomus deserticola inoculation on Prosopis: Enhancing chromium and lead uptake and translocation as confirmed by X-ray mapping, ICP-OES and TEM techniques

Lead Uptake, Toxicity, and Detoxification in Plants

“…In addition, translocation of lead to aerial plant parts increases in the presence of organic chelators like ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA) Zaier et al 2010;Barrutia et al 2010) or certain species of micro-organisms (Arias et al 2010;Punamiya et al 2010). Recently, Liu et al (2010) reported that, in 30 B. pekinensis cultivars, increased soil lead levels also increased the percent translocation to aerial plant parts.…”

“…There are several reasons why the transport of lead from roots to aerial plant parts is limited. These reasons include immobilization by negatively charged pectins within the cell wall (Islam et al 2007;Kopittke et al 2007;Arias et al 2010), precipitation of insoluble lead salts in intercellular spaces (Kopittke et al 2007;Islam et al 2007;Meyers et al 2008;Małecka et al 2008), accumulation in plasma membranes (Seregin et al 2004;Islam et al 2007;Jiang and Liu 2010), or sequestration in the vacuoles of rhizodermal and cortical cells (Seregin et al 2004;Kopittke et al 2007). …”

“…Lead occurs naturally in the earth's crust (Arias et al 2010) and its natural levels remain below 50 mg kg -1 (Pais and Jones 2000). But, anthropogenic activities often modify the amount and nature of lead species present in soil.…”

“…These factors include pH (Kopittke et al 2008;Lawal et al 2010;V e g ae ta l .2010), redox conditions (Tabelin and Igarashi 2009), cation-exchange capacity (Vega et al 2010), soil mineralogy (Dumat et al 2006), biological and microbial conditions (Arias et al 2010), amount of lead present (Bi et al 2010;Cenkci et al 2010;Lawal et al 2010), organic and inorganic ligand levels (Padmavathiamma and Li 2010; Sammut et al 2010;Shahid et al 2011), competing cation levels (Kopittke et al 2008;Komjarova and Blust 2009), and plant species involved (Kovalchuk et al 2005;Bietal.2010;Liu et al 2010). Such factors may act individually or in combination with each other and may alter the soil behavior of the lead present, as well as the rate of uptake by plants.…”

Accumulation and distribution of lead (Pb) in plant tissues of guar (Cyamopsis tetragonolobaL.) and sesame (Sesamum indicumL.): profitable phytoremediation with biofuel crops

“…Lead occurs naturally in the earth's crust (Arias et al, 2010) and its natural levels remain below 50 mg kg −1 (Pais & Jones, 2000), but anthropogenic activities often modify the amount and nature of lead species present in soil. Anthropogenic sourced lead (Pb) include leadbased paints, lead arsenate pesticide application, gasoline, coal burning, explosives, lead batteries and from the disposal of municipal sewage sludge (Tian, Lu, Yang, et al, 2010;Zheng, Liu, Lütz-Meindl, & Peer, 2011).…”