Effects of Glucosinolates from Turnip (Brassica rapa L.) Root on Bone Formation by Human Osteoblast‐Like MG‐63 Cells and in Normal Young Rats

Abstract

Turnip (Brassica rapa L.) root ethanol extract (TRE) was prepared, and its chemical constituents were characterized by ultra-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. Thirteen glucosinolates (GSLs) were identified, comprising eight aliphatic, four indolic, and one aromatic compounds. The effects of these GSLs on bone formation were investigated in vitro by incubating human osteoblast-like MG-63 cells with TRE and then analyzing their viability, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, collagen content, and mineralization and in vivo by administering TRE orally to normal young rats (500 mg/kg/day) and assessing subsequent changes in serum osteocalcin and bone microstructure in these animals. No TRE-related toxicity was found, and the levels of cell viability, ALP activity, collagen synthesis, and mineralization were significantly increased relative to the negative control. In particular, stimulatory effects on the differentiation of MG-63 cells were strongly enhanced as compared with a positive control (daidzein). Serum osteocalcin was also significantly increased, and some important bone microstructural parameters were improved in TRE-administered rats compared with their saline-administered counterparts. GSLs therefore appear to have a stimulatory effect on bone formation in both MG-63 cells and normal young rats. This is the first report on the usefulness of turnip root and its GSL compounds for bone formation.

Human, Animal and Plant Health Benefits of Glucosinolates and Strategies for Enhanced Bioactivity: A Systematic Review

“…Root extracts of horseradish exhibited nematicidal activity against Meloidogyne incognita [ 65 ], while those from turnip ( Brassica rapa L.) had a stimulatory effect in bone formation in rats [ 66 ], while from Bunias erucago showed chemopreventive activity [ 67 ]…”

“…Root extracts of horseradish exhibited nematicidal activity against Meloidogyne incognita [65], while those from turnip (Brassica rapa L.) had a stimulatory effect in bone formation in rats [66], while from Bunias erucago showed chemopreventive activity [67] Sprouts extracts of Raphanus sativus L. induced apoptosis and cytotoxicity in human hepatocarcinoma cells [68] and human breast cancer cells [69]. The sprout extracts of Chinese kale (B. oleracea var.…”

“…The potential stimulatory effect of GSs in bone formation, and as natural sources of promising neutraceutical agents has been shown in B. rapa L. roots GSs, that show stimulatory effects on human osteoblast-like MG-63 cell differentiation. Administration to young rats increases serum osteocalcin as well as some bone microstructural parameters [ 66 ]. In addition, 5-phenylpentyl ITCs isolated from A. rusticana exert significant spasmolytic activity on rats’ distal colon [ 59 ].…”

Osteoprotective Activity and Metabolite Fingerprint via UPLC/MS and GC/MS of Lepidium sativum in Ovariectomized Rats

“…Based on the analysis performed in this study, it could be concluded that the osteoprotective effect of L. sativum is likely due to a synergistic effect of its various classes of metabolites i.e., alkaloids, lignans, phenolic acids, etc. For example, glucosinolates (peak 10) stimulated bone formation in young rats and in MG-63 cells [ 54 ]. Phenolic acids were also investigated for their osteoprotective effect in ovariectomized rats, with ferulic, caffeic, p -coumaric, and chlorogenic acids to counteract skeletal changes caused by estrogen deficiency in ovariectomized rats [ 55 ].…”

Effects of a Hot-Water Extract of Allium hookeri Roots on Bone Formation in Human Osteoblast-Like MG-63 Cells In Vitro and in Rats In Vivo

“…The effects of A. hookeri extracts on human osteoblast-like MG-63 cells were investigated and compared with that of the phytoestrogen daidzein. It had been reported that daidzein is an anabolic agent for bone formation [8,9], and was used as a positive control for a series of in vitro assays by Sugimoto and Yamaguchi [10]. The results of the cell viability assay indicate that EE exerted the highest proliferative effects on MG-63 cells, followed by HWE, while WE had no significant effect on MG-63 cell proliferation.…”