Effects of glycosaminoglycans in vascular events

Abstract

In acute cardiovascular lesions, functional recovery of the myocardium occurs when adequate reperfusion of the infarct-related artery and an adequate level of microcirculation and tissue flow in the lesioned area are achieved. The major regulators of these effects are the glycosaminoglycan component of the endothelial cellular coating (glycocalyx, extracellular matrix, interstitial material) and its catabolic enzymes and their inhibitors. The causes and consequences of glycocalyx abnormalities in vascular lesions are considered, along with the potential for glycocalyx reconstruction. The glycoprotein environment of cells has been found to regulate the biomechanical properties of vessels, tissue assembly and repair; it was also able to bind low-and high-molecular-weight ligands. Hydration of glycosaminoglycans determines the development of tissue edema and mediates the anticoagulant activity of the extracellular matrix. Binding of chemokines, growth factors, other proteins, and lipoproteins to glycosaminoglycans has been noted in relation to execution of their regulatory functions. The existence of special structural biding sites for such reactants has been demonstrated, along with a relationship between the biological effects induced by glycosaminoglycans and their molecular weights. The involvement of glycosaminoglycans in the pathophysiological processes occurring in vascular lesions is reviewed, as are promising approaches to regulating the state of the pericellular coatings via the precise and effective control of the level of glycosylation of biological substrates. 553 0091-150X/08/4210-0553

Stratification of chondroitin sulfate binding sites in 3D-model of bovine testicular hyaluronidase and effective size of glycosaminoglycan coat of the modified protein

“…The BTH globule appears like a "hedgehog" with "needles" of CHS tetramers stick ing out into the surrounding solvent. application [17,40]. Therefore, covalent modification of the biocatalyst by polymer should reach the productive balance in stabilizing the BTH structure.…”

Enzymatic Antioxidants: Next Phase of Pharmacological Effort to Fight Oxidative Stress?

“…It is well-known that the areas of atherosclerotic lesions of the vascular bed are featured with the increased content of CHS [10]. Early intimal thickening of the vascular wall in atherogenesis is also linked with accumulation of CHS [7].…”

“…One of the objectives of adjacent (additional) therapy is to block it. The oxidative stress contributes to the aggravation of disorders during thrombolysis for potency of infarct-related artery ("reperfusion injury") [5,6], during vascular angioplasty procedures (development of restenosis) [7,8]. That's why the importance of search of highly efficient resources to ensure antioxidant protection of the cardiovascular system is well known and justified.…”

Cardiological Biopharmaceuticals in the Conception of Drug Targeting Delivery: Practical Results and Research Perspectives

“…After stents were mounted to New Zealand white rabbits with atherosclerosis, exposure of chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan was observed in the subendothelial arterial layer subjected to surgical intervention [54]. These data emphasize the feasibility and efficacy of using the components of vascular glycocalyx for drug-targeting delivery [53, 55]. …”