Effects of grade retention in lower secondary education on students' self‐concept, self‐esteem, goal orientations, and school career
Joana Pipa,
João R. Daniel,
Francisco Peixoto
Abstract:Grade retention is one of the most discussed and controversial educational measures, and yet, it is still widely applied in many countries. Research investigating the effects of grade retention on students' psychosocial variables presents mixed findings, partly due to the variables assessed, methodological issues, and the length of the studies. This study aimed to analyse both the short to medium and longitudinal effects of grade retention in grades 7 or 8 on Portuguese students' academic self‐concept, self‐es… Show more
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