Effects of gradient high-field static magnetic fields on diabetic mice

Abstract

Although 9.4 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been tested in healthy volunteers, its safety in diabetic patients is unclear. Furthermore, the effects of high static magnetic fields (SMFs), especially gradient vs. uniform fields, have not been investigated in diabetics. Here, we investigated the consequences of exposure to 1.0–9.4 T high SMFs of different gradients (>10 T/m vs. 0–10 T/m) on type 1 diabetic (T1D) and type 2 diabetic (T2D) mice. We found that 14 h of prolonged treatment of gradient (as high as 55.5 T/m) high SMFs (1.0–8.6 T) had negative effects on T1D and T2D mice, including spleen, hepatic, and renal tissue impairment and elevated glycosylated serum protein, blood glucose, inflammation, and anxiety, while 9.4 T quasi-uniform SMFs at 0–10 T/m did not induce the same effects. In regular T1D mice (blood glucose ≥16.7 mmol/L), the >10 T/m gradient high SMFs increased malondialdehyde ( P< 0.01) and decreased superoxide dismutase ( P< 0.05). However, in the severe T1D mice (blood glucose ≥30.0 mmol/L), the >10 T/m gradient high SMFs significantly increased tissue damage and reduced survival rate. In vitro cellular studies showed that gradient high SMFs increased cellular reactive oxygen species and apoptosis and reduced MS-1 cell number and proliferation. Therefore, this study showed that prolonged exposure to high-field (1.0–8.6 T) >10 T/m gradient SMFs (35–1 380 times higher than that of current clinical MRI) can have negative effects on diabetic mice, especially mice with severe T1D, whereas 9.4 T high SMFs at 0–10 T/m did not produce the same effects, providing important information for the future development and clinical application of SMFs, especially high-field MRI.

Magnetic Fields Affect Alcoholic Liver Disease by Liver Cell Oxidative Stress and Proliferation Regulation

“…In contrast, since SMFs are considered much safer and there are very limited safety studies, the guideline for SMFs was lastly published in 2009 and has not been updated since then. Besides this study, we also recently found that gradient high SMF (>10 T/m) could generate harmful effects on diabetic mice, especially for severe type 1 diabetic mice [ 44 ]. Since SMFs have the advantages of high penetration and no attenuation crosses the living organisms, they usually generate similar magnetic forces in small- or large-sized organisms because the molecules and cells are similar in size.…”

Ultra‐high static magnetic fields cause immunosuppression through disrupting B‐cell peripheral differentiation and negatively regulating BCR signaling

“…We also found that high SMFs of 9.4 T exposure for 200 h did not have observable defects in tumor‐bearing mice 38 . However, 14 h of prolonged treatment of gradient high SMFs had negative effects on type 1 and 2 diabetes mice, including spleen, hepatic, and renal tissue impairment 39 . We have summarized the effect of long‐term SMF exposure in a book chapter recently, which can provide more information on this topic 40 .…”

“… 38 However, 14 h of prolonged treatment of gradient high SMFs had negative effects on type 1 and 2 diabetes mice, including spleen, hepatic, and renal tissue impairment. 39 We have summarized the effect of long‐term SMF exposure in a book chapter recently, which can provide more information on this topic. 40 The main purpose of this article is to investigate the effects of ultra‐high magnetic fields up to 33.0 T, hoping to provide information for the future development of high‐field MRI and other related devices, so our study was conducted at SMFs with four high or ultra‐high intensities, responding to the current demands for higher intensity magnetic fields in medical applications.…”

Rotating magnetic field inhibits Aβ protein aggregation and alleviates cognitive impairment in Alzheimer’s disease mice

“…Some studies have shown that magnetic fields (such as electromagnetic field and transcranial magnetic stimulation) are have potentials to reduce neuronal damage and cognitive impairment in AD (Arendash et al, 2010;Huang et al, 2017). Although prolonged treatment of high gradient magnetic field has been shown to have harmful effects on severe diabetic mice (Yu et al, 2023), the moderate intensity RMF have no reported side effects. By performing in vivo and in vitro experiments, we unravel that RMF can directly disrupt the Aβ assembly and reduce amyloid plaque deposition in the AD mice brain, which restored the motor ability and significantly alleviated the cognitive impairment in AD mice (Figure 7).…”