Effects of gradual and later weaning ages when feeding high milk replacer rates on growth, textured starter digestibility, and behavior in Holstein calves from 0 to 4 months of age

Dennis, T.S.; Suarez-Mena, F.X.; Hill, T.M.; Quigley, J.D.; Schlotterbeck, R.L.; Klopp, Rebecca N.; Lascano, G.J.; Hulbert, L.E.

doi:10.3168/jds.2018-15319

Cited by 23 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Therefore, weaning at 17 wk of age may not trigger abnormal behaviour. The results of the aforementioned and the current study were similar, although we observed behavior only in a small time frame during the d because chewing was found to have no circadian rhythm in calves (11).…”

Section: Rumen Maturation At Early Agesupporting

confidence: 85%

Weaning age influences indicators of rumen function and development in female Holstein calves

Schwarzkopf

Kinoshita

Hüther

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Prenatal and postnatal conditions are crucial for the development of calves. Primiparous cows are still maturing during pregnancy, thus competing with the nutritional needs of their offspring. Therefore, mature cows might provide a superior intrauterine condition. Furthermore, weaning calves at an older age might affect them positively as well by reducing stress and offering time for various organs and their functions to develop. We aimed to evaluate effects of mothers’ parity and calves’ weaning age on gastrointestinal development and corresponding acid-base balance. Fifty-nine female German Holstein calves (about 8 days old) were investigated in a 2 × 2 factorial experiment with factors weaning age (7 vs. 17 weeks) and parity of mother (primiparous vs. multiparous). Calves were randomly assigned to one of these four groups. Animal behavior that was observed included “resting”, “chewing” and “active behavior”. Results: Behavioral patterns were interactively affected by time and weaning age. Rumen sounds per 2 minutes increased during early weaning, whereas in late-weaned calves they increased before weaning, already. Urinary N-containing compounds (creatinine, hippuric acid, uric acid, urea, allantoin) were interactively affected by time and weaning age. Concentrations of all measured compounds except urea increased during early weaning. All except hippuric acid concentration decreased in early-weaned calves after weaning. In late-weaned calves allantoin and uric acid increased before weaning and did not change during weaning. Conclusion: The results suggest that late-weaned calves developed adequate rumen functions and acid-base balance, whereas early-weaned calves might have suffered from ruminal acidosis and catabolism. Weaning calves at 7 weeks of age might be too early for an adequate rumen development.

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Section: Rumen Maturation At Early Agesupporting

confidence: 85%

Weaning age influences indicators of rumen function and development in female Holstein calves

Schwarzkopf

Kinoshita

Hüther

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…Also, it could be attributed to the modification of the structure by adding CMSC (Desouky, in press). Previous results in Table 3 confirmed that the preparation of the formulas in Nano form improved texture profile (Dennis et al, 2018;Elemike et al, 2019). No marked change occurred in color and appearance (as shown in Figure 2) either in Nano wet or/and dried treatments.…”

Section: Texture Profile Of Different Nano Weaning Wet Formulassupporting

confidence: 73%

Preparation and properties of children food after weaning using camels’ milk and guadar cereal nanoparticles

Desouky

Salama

2020

J Food Process Preserv

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The addition of guadar cereal to camels’ milk has boosted the demand for developing new weaning food formulas of high nutritional and health benefits. The objective of this study was to prepare nanoparticle weaning formulas (wet and dry) with different mixes of guadar flour, camels’ sweet curd, and its whey. The pH values of the mixes ranged from 5.92 to 6.43, protein from 5.36% to 10.72% while particle size recorded 60.7 to 77.56 nm that increased with sweet curd added. The dynamic viscosity and texture profile were improved significantly by the addition of guadar nanoparticle flour. All the prepared formulas were generally accepted for sensory evaluation but the T1 made by high percent of guadar flour was considered the best. Finally, preparation the present product as a new weaning food formula is a promising commercial product to cover the gap in weaning children formulas especially in arid and semi‐arid zones. Practical applications There is a gap in children's food after weaning, especially in developing countries. Camel sweet curd is one of the best ingredients that can be used in baby weaning dairy food formulations. Mixing camel milk in concentrated form (sweet curd) with guadar cereal flour in nano form can develop economic product beside its excellent nutritional and health benefits. Therefore, this study targeted the manufacture of novel after weaning formula with new cereal's flour pastes (guadar) as well as using the beneficial of camel sweet curd to serve as new children afterweaning food with high acceptability.

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“…Thus, it would be advisable to conduct further research on both factors and their influence on the growth and development of calves. Voluntary MR and solid feed intake are different in individual calves [26,45], and should therefore be considered in further research about optimal weaning age. From this study, a later weaning regimen can be considered as advantageous in early life with potential consequences for later health and metabolic performance.…”

Section: Implications and Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Weaning Holstein Calves at 17 Weeks of Age Enables Smooth Transition from Liquid to Solid Feed

Schwarzkopf

Kinoshita

Kluess

et al. 2019

Animals

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Simple Summary: Weaning calves from liquid to solid feed can be a stressful event in their life and can affect growth, development and welfare. It is commonly done at the age of 7 to 8 weeks on dairy farms, but weaning at a greater age could potentially reduce the associated stress. Therefore, it might improve growth rates and enable a smooth transition to an adult liver metabolism. To confirm this hypothesis this study evaluated the effect of two different weaning ages (7 vs. 17 weeks of age) on female Holstein calves. Furthermore, the effect of mothers' parity was analyzed (primiparous vs. multiparouos). Primiparous cows were often immature and still developing during their first pregnancy. This can lead to negative intrauterine conditions and result in long-term changes in the calf's metabolism. Late-weaned calves consumed high amounts of concentrate feed before weaning despite their high milk replacer intake, indicating the maturation of their rumen. In addition, they experienced a smooth transition to an adult liver metabolism as reflected by steady plasma glucose and cholesterol concentrations. Later weaning corrected the reduced growth of calves born to primiparous cows as well, indicating that those particularly benefitted from late weaning. All benefits were indicated by slower changes of blood metabolites and higher growth rates, which might lead to better health and productivity in their subsequent lifetime.Abstract: Development of calves depends on prenatal and postnatal conditions. Primiparous cows were still maturing during pregnancy, which can lead to negative intrauterine conditions and affect the calf's metabolism. It is hypothesized that weaning calves at higher maturity has positive effects due to reduced metabolic stress. We aimed to evaluate effects of mothers' parity and calves' weaning age on growth performance and blood metabolites. Fifty-nine female Holstein calves (38.8 ± 5.3 kg birth weight, about 8 days old) were used in a 2 × 2 factorial experiment with factors weaning age (7 vs. 17 weeks) and parity of mother (primiparous vs. multiparous cows). Calves were randomly assigned one of these four groups. Live weight, live weight gain and morphometry increased over time and were greater in calves weaned later. Metabolic indicators except total protein were interactively affected by time and weaning age. Leptin remained low in early-weaned calves born to primiparous cows, while it increased in the other groups. The results suggest that weaning more mature calves has a positive effect on body growth, and calves born to primiparous cows particularly benefit from this weaning regimen. It also enables a smooth transition from liquid to solid feed, which might reduce the associated stress of weaning.

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Effects of gradual and later weaning ages when feeding high milk replacer rates on growth, textured starter digestibility, and behavior in Holstein calves from 0 to 4 months of age

Cited by 23 publications

References 46 publications

Weaning age influences indicators of rumen function and development in female Holstein calves

Weaning age influences indicators of rumen function and development in female Holstein calves

Preparation and properties of children food after weaning using camels’ milk and guadar cereal nanoparticles

Weaning Holstein Calves at 17 Weeks of Age Enables Smooth Transition from Liquid to Solid Feed

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