Effects of graduated compression stockings on skin temperature after running

The activation of cutaneous vasodilation and sweating are essential to the regulation of core temperature during exercise in the heat. We assessed the effect of graduated compression induced by wearing stockings on cutaneous vasodilation and sweating during exercise in the heat (30°C). On two separate occasions, nine young males exercised for 45 min or until core temperature reached ~1.5°C above baseline resting while wearing either (1) stockings causing graduated compression (graduate compression stockings, GCS), or (2) loose‐fitting stockings without compression (Control). Forearm vascular conductance was evaluated by forearm blood flow (venous occlusion plethysmography) divided by mean arterial pressure to estimate cutaneous vasodilation. Sweat rate was estimated using the ventilated capsule technique. Core and skin temperatures were measured continuously. Exercise duration was similar between conditions (Control: 42.2 ± 3.6 min vs. GCS: 42.2 ± 3.6 min, P = 1.00). Relative to Control, GCS increased forearm vascular conductance during the late stages (≥30 min) of exercise (e.g., at 40 min, 15.6 ± 5.6 vs. 18.0 ± 6.0 units, P = 0.01). This was paralleled by a greater sensitivity (23.1 ± 9.1 vs. 32.1 ± 15.0 units°C−1, P = 0.043) and peak level (14.1 ± 5.1 vs. 16.3 ± 5.7 units, P = 0.048) of cutaneous vasodilation as evaluated from the relationship between forearm vascular conductance with core temperature. However, the core temperature threshold at which an increase in forearm vascular conductance occurred did not differ between conditions (Control: 36.9 ± 0.2 vs. GCS: 37.0 ± 0.3°C, P = 0.13). In contrast, no effect of GCS on sweating was measured (all P > 0.05). We show that the use of GCS during exercise in the heat enhances cutaneous vasodilation and not sweating.

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“…; Priego Quesada et al. ), though lower mean arterial pressure may occur during heat stress at rest (Morrison et al. ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wearing graduated compression stockings augments cutaneous vasodilation but not sweating during exercise in the heat

et al. 2017

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“…This may be due to the fact that temperature variations can be more sensitive to changes in the saddle height than absolute temperatures. Hence, different studies have shown significant temperature variations after their interventions, but no differences in absolute temperatures (Formenti et al 2013 ; Priego Quesada et al 2015b ). Similarly, different studies focus their significant results on temperature variations, probably because absolute temperatures do not reflect the effect of their interventions (Bertmaring et al 2008 ; Chudecka and Lubkowska 2010 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the studies undertaken are insufficient to clarify the effect of sweat on skin emissivity in infrared measures. For this reason, it was decided not to remove the sweat on the skin for the thermographic measurements after the cycling tests in order to avoid an increase of skin temperature due to rubbing, and also the reduction of the natural process of sweat evaporation (Priego Quesada et al 2015b ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of saddle height on skin temperature measured in different days of cycling

et al. 2016

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Infrared thermography can be useful to explore the effects of exercise on neuromuscular function. During cycling, it could be used to investigate the effects of saddle height on thermoregulation. The aim of this study was to examine whether different cycling postures, elicited by different knee flexion angles, could influence skin temperature. Furthermore, we also determined whether the reproducibility of thermal measurements in response to cycling differed in the body regions affected or not affected by saddle height. Sixteen cyclists participated in three tests of 45 min of cycling at their individual 50 % peak power output. Each test was performed in a different knee flexion position on the bicycle (20°, 30°, 40° knee flexion when the pedal crank was at 180°). Different knee angles were obtained by changing saddle height. Skin temperatures were determined by infrared thermography before, immediately after and 10 min after the cycling test, in 16 different regions of interest (ROI) in the trunk and lower limbs. Changes in saddle height did not result in changes in skin temperature in the ROI. However, lower knee flexion elicited higher temperature in popliteus after cycling than higher flexion (p = 0.008 and ES = 0.8), and higher knee flexion elicited lower temperature variation in the tibialis anterior than intermediate knee flexion (p = 0.004 and ES = 0.8). Absolute temperatures obtained good and very good intraday reproducibility in the different measurements (ICCs between 0.44 and 0.85), but temperature variations showed lower reproducibility (ICCs between 0.11 and 0.74). Different postures assumed by the cyclist due to different saddle height did not influence temperature measurements. Skin temperature can be measured on different days with good repeatability, but temperature variations can be more sensitive to the effects of an intervention.

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“…Also, athletes living in tropical locations could be unmotivated to wear compression garments after training sessions once those garments usually promote higher skin temperatures. 7,8 Additionally, there is limited evidence regarding the effects of wearing CS (only) during exercise/training/competition, which could be relevant for Sports Medicine professionals. Therefore, the purpose of this systematic review was to investigate the effect of wearing below-knee CS during exercise (or sports activity) on performance and associated physiological and perceptual indicators.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Effects of Wearing Compression Stockings on Exercise Performance and Associated Indicators: A Systematic Review</p>

Mota¹,

Simim²,

Santos³

et al. 2020

OAJSM

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This systematic review investigated the effects of wearing below-knee compression stockings (CS) on exercise performance (or sports activity) and associated physiological and perceived indicators. We searched articles on PubMed using the following terms: "graduated compression stockings"; "compression stockings"; "graduated compression socks"; "compression socks" combined with "performance", "athletes", "exercise", "exercise performance", "fatigue", "sports" and "recovery", resulting in 1067 papers. After checking for inclusion criteria (e.g., original studies, healthy subjects, performance analysis), 21 studies were selected and analyzed. We conclude that wearing CS during exercise improved performance in a small number of studies. However, wearing CS could benefit muscle function indicators and perceived muscle soreness during the recovery period. Future research should investigate the chronic effect of CS on Sports Medicine and athletic performance.

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Effects of graduated compression stockings on skin temperature after running

Cited by 43 publications

References 43 publications

Wearing graduated compression stockings augments cutaneous vasodilation but not sweating during exercise in the heat

Wearing graduated compression stockings augments cutaneous vasodilation but not sweating during exercise in the heat

Effect of saddle height on skin temperature measured in different days of cycling

<p>Effects of Wearing Compression Stockings on Exercise Performance and Associated Indicators: A Systematic Review</p>

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