Effects of Graphene Oxide and Chemically-Reduced Graphene Oxide on the Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Epoxy Amine Composites

Abstract

Abstract:Composites based on epoxy/graphene oxide (GO) and epoxy/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) were investigated for thermal-mechanical performance focusing on the effects of the chemical groups present on nanoadditive-enhanced surfaces. GO and rGO obtained in the present study have been characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) demonstrating that materials with different oxidation degrees have been obtained. Thereafter, GO/epoxy and rGO/epoxy nanocomposites were successfully prepared and thoroughly characterized by dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). A significant increase in the glass transition temperature was found in comparison with the neat epoxy. The presence of functional groups on the graphene surface leads to chemical interactions between these functional groups on GO and rGO surfaces with the epoxy, contributing to the possible formation of covalent bonds between GO and rGO with the matrix. The presence of oxidation groups on GO also contributes to an improved exfoliation, intercalation, and distribution of the GO sheets in the composites with respect to the rGO based composites.

Graphene oxide based coconut shell waste: synthesis by modified Hummers method and characterization

“…Figure 6 shows the position of the absorption peaks of GO in the FTIR spectrum that indicates that different functional groups have different bond energies [ 48 ]. Stretching vibrations from hydroxyl groups (-OH) in water molecules (-OH) gave rise to peak 1 (3449.92 cm −1 ) [ 49 ], carboxyl (-COOH) vibrations gave rise to peak 2 (1719.42 cm −1 ) and peak 3 (1702.62 cm −1 ) [ 22 ], alcohol (C–OH) vibration gave rise to peak 4 (1628.12 cm −1 ) and epoxy (C–O) vibrations at peak 5 (1158.51 cm −1 ) were also observed [ 46 , 50 ]. Thus, the FTIR spectroscopy results confirmed the appearance of various oxygen-containing functional groups such as hydroxyl, carboxyl, alcohol, and epoxy within the GO structure and were similarities to the FTIR spectrum for GO reported by Xu et al ., (2017).…”

A Comparative Study on Structural, Morphological, and Tensile Properties of Binary and Ternary Epoxy Resin‐Based Polymer Nanocomposites

“…Earlier research studies are shown that there are wide peaks in pure epoxy resins. Each pattern demonstrated broad diffraction from 5-80°alongside a couple of maxima close to 20-45°as the cured epoxy network scattered and its amorphous nature revealed [8,21]. Nevertheless, when the epoxy matrix experienced CaTiO 3 dispersion, the XRD pattern of epoxy NCPs demonstrated the epoxy diffraction peaks with poor intensities.…”

“…Inorganic nanoparticles, thermoplastic materials, rubbers, and other kinds of fillers having varied chemical natures are served as a third component to the epoxy systems as they were mixed. Because of this, the thermal and mechanical properties were enhanced to a great extent [8]. e impacts concerning NPs such as TiO 2 [9,10], ZnO [11], clay [12], multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) [13,14], SiO 2 [15], and Al 2 O 3 [16] have been investigated in a number of research studies.…”

Fabrication of ultra‐small ruthenium nanoparticles on porous modified reduced graphene oxide and its application in solvent‐free oxidation of cyclohexene with molecular oxygen

“…In the FT‐IR spectra of rGO (1b), the peak intensities of ether, benzene, epoxide and carboxylic acid groups have been reduced to a great extent, indicating that large proportions of C=O and OH groups have disappeared. The results obtained from FT‐IR spectroscopy were consistent with the reports for the FT‐IR spectra of GO and the rGO synthesized via the Hummer's method in other studies …”