Effects of grass species and grass growth on atmospheric nitrogen deposition to a bog ecosystem surrounded by intensive agricultural land use

Hurkuck, Miriam; Brümmer, Christian; Mohr, Karl‐Heinz; Spott, Oliver; Well, Reinhard; Flessa, Heinz; Kutsch, Werner L.

doi:10.1002/ece3.1534

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…As a consequence, changes in species compositions with an invasion by more nitrophilous species (i.e., Molinia caerulea and Betula pubescens ) are already visible at the study site. As shown by Hurkuck et al [] using 15 N labeled biomonitors, bog‐specific grasses such as Eriophorum vaginatum do not take up N according to N availability, indicating N saturation in plant cells when N input increases and subsequently mesophyll resistances increase [ Frank and Marek , ; Rowland et al , ]. Long‐term N depositions are thus assumed to lead to N saturation at the here presented study site and are assumed to exceed short‐term responses of C uptake due to increases in N availability in spring and summer when agricultural practices are more intense.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Near‐neutral carbon dioxide balance at a seminatural, temperate bog ecosystem

2016

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The majority of peatlands in the temperate zone is subjected to drainage and agricultural land use and have been found to be anthropogenic emission hot spots for greenhouse gases. At the same time, many peatlands receive increased atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition by intensive agricultural practices. Here we provide eddy covariance measurements determining net ecosystem carbon dioxide (CO2) exchange at a protected but moderately drained ombrotrophic bog in Northwestern Germany over three consecutive years. The region is dominated by intensive agricultural land use with total (wet and dry) atmospheric N deposition being about 25 kg N ha−1 yr−1. The investigated peat bog was a small net CO2 sink during all three years ranging from −9 to −73 g C m−2 yr−1. We found temperature‐ and light‐dependent ecosystem respiration (Reco) and gross primary production, respectively, but only weak correlations to water table depths despite large interannual and seasonal variability. Significant short‐term effects of atmospheric N deposition on CO2 flux components could not be observed, as the primary controlling factors for N deposition and C sequestration, i.e., fertilization of adjacent fields as well as temperature and light availability, respectively, exceeded potential interactions between the two.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Near‐neutral carbon dioxide balance at a seminatural, temperate bog ecosystem

2016

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“…Although the predominant uptake pathway of wet‐deposited nitrogen to vascular plants is via the soil and can be metabolically controlled, the predominant dry‐nitrogen deposition pathway cannot be similarly controlled: all gas exchange is a function of the opening and closing of the stomata, which itself is primarily controlled by light, water availability, and temperature (Hurkuck et al., ). In this case, we might expect that the high stature and leaf surface area of C. vulgaris would lead to a high interception rate of NH 3 , ultimately to toxic levels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response of a peat bog vegetation community to long‐term experimental addition of nitrogen

et al. 2018

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1. We report results from a long-term experiment in which additional nitrogen has been deposited on a peat bog in central Scotland for over 14 years, in three different forms: as ammonia (NH 3 ) gas, as ammonium (NH + 4 ) solution, or as nitrate (NO − 3 ) solution. The automated experiment was designed to apply nitrogen in such a way that mimics real-world nitrogen deposition. Background nitrogen deposition at the site was 0.8 g N m −2 year −1 ). 2.Observations of cover for 46 species were made. We analysed the change in six common species in relation to nitrogen dose and form. The responses differed among species and nitrogen forms, but five out of the six species declined, and NH 3 produced the biggest change in cover per unit of nitrogen addition. The exception was the graminoid sedge Eriophorum vaginatum, which increased dramatically in the NH 3 treatment. Multivariate analyses identified responses to nitrogen dose across treatments which were consistent with the univariate results.3. We surmised that the larger experimental response to nitrogen observed in the NH 3 treatment (cf. the NH + 4 and NO − 3 treatments) was because of the higher nitrogen concentrations at the vegetation surface produced by dry deposition. NH + 4 and NO − 3 were sprayed in solution, but much of this will enter the peat porewater, and be further diluted. Because NH 3 deposits directly to the leaf, it stays contained within the small volume of water on and in the leaf, producing a high internal concentration of nitrogen ions. 4. Synthesis. Consistent trends with nitrogen were discernible across species. All species showed a decline with NH 3 treatment, except for Eriophorum vaginatum which increased. In the absence of phosphorous and potassium (PK), all species declined with NH + 4 and NO − 3 , except for Calluna vulgaris and Hypnum jutlandicum. The effect of PK was not consistent across species. Per unit of nitrogen deposited, NH 3 generally had a larger impact on vegetation composition than NH + 4 or NO − 3 .However, the actual deposition rate of NH 3 on UK peat bogs is lower than the other forms. In the case of the most common species of the peat-forming genus Sphagnum, we estimate that NH + 4 deposition has the largest impact, followed by NO − 3 and NH 3 . 2008, 2011, 2014). Here, we build on this work in several ways.Firstly, we present a longer term analysis, with six additional years of experimental treatment. Secondly, we apply a linear mixedmodel approach (Pinheiro & Bates, 2006), allowing us to treat nitrogen deposition as a continuous variate, accounting appropriately for the correlation in residuals which arises from making repeated measurements on the same locations (quadrats nested within plots, nested within blocks). Thirdly, a phosphorus and potassium addition treatment was included in the experiment, but was excluded from most previous analyses. We include this interaction in our analysis. Fourthly, we apply multivariate analyses of species cover K E Y W O R D S air pollution, ammonia, multivariate analysis, nitrate, ...

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“…The ratio of dry to wet deposition has been found to be ∼ 2 : 3 (Hurkuck et al, 2014), thereby substantially exceeding the critical N load of 5 to 10 kg ha −1 yr −1 prescribed for semi-natural peatlands. More site-specific information about the Bourtanger Moor can be found in the publications by Hurkuck et al (2015Hurkuck et al ( , 2016 and references therein. Considerable seasonal variability in water table depth was observed with fully water saturated soil in December and January and up to 60 cm below surface in late summer and early autumn averaging annually at around 10 cm.…”

Section: Bourtanger Moor Site (Wet)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Reactive nitrogen fluxes over peatland and forest ecosystems using micrometeorological measurement techniques

Brümmer¹,

Rüffer²,

Delorme³

et al. 2022

Earth Syst. Sci. Data

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Abstract. Interactions of reactive nitrogen (Nr) compounds between the atmosphere and the earth's surface play a key role in atmospheric chemistry and in understanding nutrient cycling of terrestrial ecosystems. While continuous observations of inert greenhouse gases through micrometeorological flux measurements have become a common procedure, information about temporal dynamics and longer-term budgets of Nr compounds is still extremely limited. Within the framework of the research projects NITROSPHERE and FORESTFLUX, field campaigns were carried out to investigate the biosphere–atmosphere exchange of selected Nr compounds over different land surfaces. The aim of the campaigns was to test and establish novel measurement techniques in eddy-covariance setups for continuous determination of surface fluxes of ammonia (NH3) and total reactive nitrogen (ΣNr) using two different analytical devices. While high-frequency measurements of NH3 were conducted with a quantum cascade laser (QCL) absorption spectrometer, a custom-built converter called Total Reactive Atmospheric Nitrogen Converter (TRANC) connected and operated upstream of a chemiluminescence detector (CLD) was used for the measurement of ΣNr. As high-resolution data of Nr surface–atmosphere exchange are still scarce but highly desired for testing and validating local inferential and larger-scale models, we provide access to campaign data including concentrations, fluxes, and ancillary measurements of meteorological parameters. Campaigns (n=4) were carried out in natural (forest) and semi-natural (peatland) ecosystem types. The published datasets stress the importance of recent advancements in laser spectrometry and help improve our understanding of the temporal variability of surface–atmosphere exchange in different ecosystems, thereby providing validation opportunities for inferential models simulating the exchange of reactive nitrogen. The dataset has been placed in the Zenodo repository (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4513854; Brümmer et al., 2022) and contains individual data files for each campaign.

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Effects of grass species and grass growth on atmospheric nitrogen deposition to a bog ecosystem surrounded by intensive agricultural land use

Cited by 7 publications

References 38 publications

Near‐neutral carbon dioxide balance at a seminatural, temperate bog ecosystem

Near‐neutral carbon dioxide balance at a seminatural, temperate bog ecosystem

Response of a peat bog vegetation community to long‐term experimental addition of nitrogen

Reactive nitrogen fluxes over peatland and forest ecosystems using micrometeorological measurement techniques

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