Effects of group housing on stress induced emotional and neuroendocrine alterations

Heterozygous mice deficient in Atp1a3 exhibit motor deficits by chronic restraint stress

“…For example, housing condition can alter the effects of chronic stress [32]. Chronic restraint stress induced increased anxiety-like behavior in elevated plus maze and forced swimming tests in single-housed mice, but not in group-housed mice [32]. In our study, stressed wild type did not show increased anxiety-and depression-like behaviors compared with non-stressed wild type.…”

“…Generally, chronic stress can increase depression-like [49] and anxiety-like behaviors in mice [33,20,32]. However, many studies on chronic stress have failed to demonstrate a consistent behavior phenotype [18,19,43].…”

“…However, many studies on chronic stress have failed to demonstrate a consistent behavior phenotype [18,19,43]. For example, housing condition can alter the effects of chronic stress [32]. Chronic restraint stress induced increased anxiety-like behavior in elevated plus maze and forced swimming tests in single-housed mice, but not in group-housed mice [32].…”

“…However, none of the above mice are reported to show spontaneous dystonia movement. Because stress is known to trigger the expression of dystonia in RDP and the stress loading such as application of chronic stress to mice is a useful method for induction of neurobehavioral signs [33,20,49,27,15,32,51], we performed in the present study various behavioral tests under specific stress loading (restraint) and examined whether Atp1a3 +/− of both sexes show phenotypes relevant to the symptoms of RDP, such as gait abnormality, slowness of movement, postural instability, and psychiatric depression-like feature [41]. We also completed comprehensive examination of Atp1a3 mRNA expression in young wild-type mice.…”

Role of social factors on cell death, cerebral plasticity and recovery after stroke

“…Such effects are seen in both males and females (Craft et al , 2005; Venna et al , 2012). The mechanism by which social interaction influences ischemic outcomes is complex and involves altered neuroendocrine (Ros-Simo & Valverde, 2012; Stuller et al , 2012; Liu et al , 2013), inflammatory (Karelina et al , 2009a; Karelina et al , 2009b; Venna et al , 2012), pro-survival growth factors (Berton et al , 2006; Zhu et al , 2006; O'Keefe et al , 2014; Venna et al , 2014), cell proliferation, neurogenesis (Stranahan et al , 2006; Kannangara et al , 2011; Venna et al , 2014) and synaptic plasticity (Fone & Porkess, 2008). In addition, social stress can also affect stroke outcome.…”