Effects of grouping and isolation on feeding, food conversion and energy expenditure of domestic chicks

Savory, C.J.; Macleod, M.D.

doi:10.1016/0376-6357(80)90002-9

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Selection for faster rates of juvenile growth could have extended the time adults expressed endothermy beyond the period of embryo incubation to include incubation of juveniles. Contingent upon adequate food, water, and oxygen supplies, in a broad range of extant vertebrates and invertebrates, warmer temperatures (within the viable range) produce more rapid rates of growth for both embryos and juveniles (Pond 1977;Savory and MacLeod 1980;Heinrich 1981;Buffenstein and Louw 1982;Williamson et al 1989;Deeming and Ferguson 1991;Ferguson and Talent 1993;Autumn and DeNardo 1995;Kingsolver and Woods 1997;Blouin and Brown 2000;Dodson 2000a, 2000b;Gilchrist and Huey 2001;Angilletta et al 2002;Gillooly et al 2002). Because parental provisioning of heat could have sped growth just as parental provisioning of food does, selection on the parent for thermogenesis would have extended well beyond hatching or birth.…”

Section: Why Homeothermy?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Reproduction: The Adaptive Significance of Endothermy

Farmer

2003

The American Naturalist

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Section: Why Homeothermy?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Reproduction: The Adaptive Significance of Endothermy

Farmer

2003

The American Naturalist

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“…Retention studies done in calorimeters have the disadvantage that the results are not directly applicable to those on the farm because of the different ways in which birds are treated. For example, isolation of birds as is done during calorimetry precludes such behaviours as huddling to spare heat production (Savory and Macleod, 1980), and variation of interindividual distances (Macleod, 1984).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of environmental temperature, dietary energy, sex and age on nitrogen and energy retention in the edible carcase of broilers

Sonaiya¹

1989

British Poultry Science

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1. Two environmentally-controlled houses, one set at constant 21°C (low temperature, LT) and the other set at diurnally cycling 21°C to 30°C (high temperature, HT), and two dietary energy concentrations of 13 MJ ME/kg (low energy, LE) and 13.8 MJ ME/kg (high energy, HE) were used to study nitrogen and energy retention in the edible carcase of male and female broilers slaughtered at 34 and 54 days. 2. Carcase nitrogen was higher in males than in females, and in birds reared at LT than in those reared at HT. 3. Birds at LT and on HE diet, regardless of sex, retained more energy as fat in their carcases than those at HT and on LE diet respectively. 4. Maintenance energy requirement averaged 6.70, 7.67, 7.43 and 9.01 kJ per g metabolic body size (kJ/gW 0.66) for broilers at HT and LT up to 34 d and at HT and LT up to 54 d, respectively. 5. There was a similar increase with age in the energy requirement for growth but with requirements of broilers at LT consistently lower than for those at HT.

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“…Social isolation stress activates various endocrinological changes, such as the HPA axis and secretion of glucocorticoids and catecholamines ( Tsigos and Chrousos, 2002 ). In birds, this stress is thought to be related to the growth rate ( John Savory and MacLeod, 1980 ). It has been reported that social isolation stress activates the HPA axis and stimulates the secretion of corticosterone after 10 min of isolation in layer chicks ( Saito et al, 2005 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Stressors on the mRNA Expressions of Neurosecretory Protein GL and Neurosecretory Protein GM in Chicks

et al. 2022

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We recently discovered novel cDNAs encoding the precursors of two small secretory proteins, neurosecretory protein GL (NPGL) and neurosecretory protein GM (NPGM), in the mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH) of chickens. In addition, we found colocalization of NPGL, NPGM, and histidine decarboxylase (HDC; histamine-producing enzyme) in same neurons of the medial mammillary nucleus of the hypothalamus. In this study, we elucidated the effect of several stresses, including food deprivation, environmental heat, inflammation, and social isolation, on the mRNA expression of NPGL, NPGM, and HDC in chicks using real-time PCR. Food deprivation for 24 h increased NPGM mRNA expression in the MBH. On the other hand, an environmental temperature of 37°C for 24 h did not affect their mRNA expression. Six hours after intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide, an inducer of inflammation, the mRNA expression of NPGM, but not that of NPGL and HDC increased. Social isolation for 3 h induced an increase in the mRNA expression of NPGL, NPGM, and HDC. These results indicate that NPGM, but not NPGL or HDC, may participate in several physiological responses to stress in chicks.

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Effects of grouping and isolation on feeding, food conversion and energy expenditure of domestic chicks

Cited by 9 publications

References 32 publications

Reproduction: The Adaptive Significance of Endothermy

Reproduction: The Adaptive Significance of Endothermy

Effects of environmental temperature, dietary energy, sex and age on nitrogen and energy retention in the edible carcase of broilers

Effect of Stressors on the mRNA Expressions of Neurosecretory Protein GL and Neurosecretory Protein GM in Chicks

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