Effects of growth factors and cytokines on osteoblast differentiation

Application of Low-Dose Laser Irradiation and 3D-Observation Methods for Detection and Assay of Features for Cell Differentiation Directions: A Pilot Study

“…1,2 For a better understanding of the mechanisms of cell growth, proliferation and differentiation/transformation on the influence of respective factors, but also of cascade regulatory pathways, underlining these processes, methods for observation of the tested cell cultures as 2D-images, treated with low-dose of laser irradiation (Figure 1 -b-f), but also as 3D-imaginations (Figures 2-5). In these cases, some additional features in the complex multi-molecular structures on both intra-and extra-cellular levels could be seen probably due to the differences in the The results obtained confirmed the literature findings, according which besides the factors of cultivation and the components of extra-cellular matrix, 3,4,6,7,21 the role some organic detergents about the cell differentiation direction, but also of intra-cellular fusion in the formation of osteoclast-like cells, was shown. [11][12][13][14][15] Because of the different density in various intra-cellular parts, 3D-images have been proved to also indicate variations in their refractive index, which leads to changed phase of the light, passing through the observed object.…”

“…1,2 The importance of relationship between intracellular calcium phosphate in the osteoblasts and their role in the mineralization of ECM about the normal and pathological events in this processes, has been underlined. In this aspect, the influence of FGFs and their receptors has also been discussed, 3,4 as well as of other components of the extracellular matrix (ECM), as metalloproteinases (MMPs), microtubule-activated protein-kinases (MAPKs), Nuclear Factor kappaB (NF-κB), as well as nuclear factor-induced kinases (NIKs) and IκB kinases (IKKs). 5,6 On the other hand, pro-inflammatory activation by the influence of NF-κB on the expression of appropriate genes in neutrophils has also been suggested.…”

Inflammatory mediator polymorphisms associate with initial periodontitis in adolescents

“…Interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) is secreted by various cell types and has been shown to be important pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory mediator involved also in the pathogenesis of periodontitis by regulating the expression of IL‐1 and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α) (Opal & DePalo, 2000). It also stimulates osteoclast differentiation as well as enhances B‐ and T‐cell growth, differentiation, and bone resorption (Hughes, Turner, Belibasakis, & Martuscelli, 2006). An association between the carriage rates of the IL‐1 , Alpha (IL1A ‐889, rs1800587), and periodontitis has been demonstrated (Laine, Loos, & Crielaard, 2010).…”

Extracellular heat shock protein 70 promotes osteogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cells through activation of the ERK signaling pathway

“…hMSC differentiation into mature functional osteoblasts is a complex process involving many transcriptional factors and signaling pathways. Several studies have reported that growth factors [6], cytokines [7], or mechanical loading [8] influence MSC differentiation into osteoblasts. Several studies have reported that fractures, especially multiple injuries, subject the internal body environment to stress [9][10][11].…”