Effects of Hanwoo (Korean cattle) manure as organic fertilizer on plant growth, feed quality, and soil bacterial community

Abstract

IntroductionThe development of organic manure from livestock excreta is a useful source for sustainable crop production in environment-friendly agriculture. Organic manure increases soil microbial activity and organic matter (OM) supply. The excessive use of chemical fertilizers (CFs) leads to air and water pollution caused by toxic chemicals and gases, and soil quality degradation via nutrient imbalance due to supplying specific chemical components. Thus, the use of organic manure will serve as a long-term supply of various nutrients in soil via OM decomposition reaction as well as the maintenance of environment.MethodsIn this study, we aimed to analyze the diverse effects of Hanwoo manure (HM) on plant growth, feed quality, and soil bacterial communities in comparison with CFs, commercial poultry manure (CM), and the combined use of chemical fertilizer and Hanwoo manure (HM+CF). We analyzed the contents of crude matter (protein, fat, fiber, and ash), P, acid detergent fiber (ADF), and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) through feed quality analysis, and the contents or activities of total phenol, total flavonoid, ABTS, nitrite scavenging, and reducing power via the antioxidant assay. Furthermore, the soil microbial communities were determined using 16S rRNA sequencing. We compared the soil bacteria among different soil samples by using amplicon sequence variant (ASV) analysis.Results and discussionWe observed increased OM in the soil of the HM group compared to that of the CF and non-treated groups over a period of two years. Moreover, HM+CF treatment enormously improved plant growth. Organic manure, especially HM, caused an increase in the content of crude ash and phosphorus in plants. There were no significant differences in total polyphenol, total flavonoid, ABTS, nitrite scavenging, and reducing power in plants between HM and CF groups. Finally, we detected 13 soil bacteria (Acidibacter, Algisphaera, Cystobacter, Microvirga, Ohtaekwangia, Panacagrimonas, Pseudarthrobacter, Reryanella, Rhodoligotrophos, Solirubrobacter, Stenotrophobacter, Tellurimicrobium, and Thermomarinilinea) that were considerably correlated with OM and available phosphorus, and three considerably correlated bacteria were specifically distributed in CF or organic manure. The results suggest that HM is a valuable source of organic manure that can replace CF for sustainable crop production.

Analysis of microbial communities in solid and liquid pig manure during the fertilization process

“…The chemical components (pH, electric conductivity [EC], total nitrogen [TN], ammonium nitrogen [NH 4 + -N], nitrate nitrogen [NO 3 − -N], and OM) of the solid and liquid in manure before or after fermentation were analyzed using the method described in a previous study by Lee et al 19 . The P, K, sodium (Na), chlorine (Cl), sodium chloride (NaCl), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), iron (Fe), molybdenum (Mo), manganese (Mn), sulfate (SO 4 2− ), and boron (B) contents were analyzed using previously utilized methods 78 .…”

“…Researchers are attempting to enhance aerobic fermentation techniques to address environmental pollution caused by livestock excrement waste. In addition, adding compost to soil can have a positive impact on its quality 19 .…”

Influence of organic liquid fertilizer developed from livestock manure on the growth, antioxidant activities, and soil microbial populations of Chinese cabbage

“…Plant growth (plant length, fresh and dry weight, leaf color and length, and chlorophyll content), chemical components of the soil and liquid fertilizer (pH, EC, total N, NH 4 + -N, NO 3 − -N, P, K, Na, Ca, and organic matter [OM]), and antioxidants (total polyphenol and avonoid contents, 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl [DPPH] and nitrite scavenging activity, reducing power, and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power [FRAP]) were all analyzed using previously described methods [15], and the plant substances were extracted by methanol. The standard substances were quercetin for total avonoid and gallic acid for total phenol, DPPH, and FRAP assay, and then the proper standard curves were estimated (Fig.…”

“…Rhizosphere soil samples were collected from three independent experiments on Chinese cabbage grown for 56 d. We compared the microbial diversity in fertilizer-treated soils using 16s rRNA sequencing analysis following previously described methods [15]. Microbial DNA was sequenced using a NovaSeq 6000 system (Illumina, San Diego, CA, USA) after constructing a library using the Illumina 16S Metagenomic Sequencing Library [31].…”

“…Furthermore, the availability of organic manure improved the growth, yield, and mineral content of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) in comparison with NPK 15-15-15 fertilizer [14]. In a previous study, we found that the growth of maize was enhanced by supplying a mix of Hanwoo (Korean cattle) manure and chemical fertilizer compared to chemical fertilizer alone [15]. Studies on organic fertilizers have provided useful information for the development of sustainable agriculture [16].…”