“…Cells were activated with an ionic solution (45 mM NaCl, 5 mM KCl, 30 mM Tris, pH: 8.0 ± 0.2) designed for common carp (Saad, Billard, Theron, & Hollebecq, ). Motility parameters, such as progressive motility (criteria according to the Sperm VisionTM v. 3.7.4.‐straight line distance >5 µm, pixel to µm ratio: 151–100, pMOT %), curvilinear velocity (VCL, µm/s), straight linear velocity (VSL, μm/s), linearity of movement (LIN, %), amplitude of lateral head displacement (ALH, μm), beat cross frequency (BCF, Hz) were chosen in to characterize carp sperm movement (Żarski et al, ). Measurement was carried out at least in duplicates where moving cells were identified (1–100 µm 2 ) with a digital camera (JAI CV‐A10 CL; Minitube of America) using a frame rate of 60 s −1 .…”