Effects of Health Care Expenditure on the Infant Mortality Rate and Life Expectancy at Birth in Korea

Rhee, Hyun-Jae

doi:10.5392/ijoc.2012.8.3.052

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Ordinarily, a rise in health spending should translate to better health outcome; however, findings in the literature are inconclusive in this regard. Studies have shown varied results with some indicating positive effects (Patricio et al, 2008;Rhee, 2012;Imoughele and Ismaila, 2013;Matthew et al, 2015;Makuta and O'Hare,2015;Arthur and Oaikhenan, 2017;Bein et al, 2017;Edeme et al, 2017;Boachie et al, 2018;Rana et al, 2018;Edeme and Olisakwe, 2019;Kim and Wang, 2019) and others no significant effect (Musgrove, 1996;Filmer and Pritchett, 1999;Kumar et al, 2013). The effects of health spending on health outcome is sometimes shown to be significant for an indicator of health particularly infant mortality with no noticeable impact on maternal deaths as a measure of health outcome (Rana et al, 2018;Kim and Wang, 2019).…”

Section: Some Literature Evidencementioning

confidence: 99%

Public health spending and health outcome in Nigeria: the role of governance

Osakede

2020

IJDI

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Purpose This paper aims to analyze the relationship between public health spending and health outcome using time series data in Nigeria over the period 1980 to 2017, taking into account the role of governance by assessing how the quality of governance directly affects health status and indirectly as a mediator for the effectiveness of public health spending. Design/methodology/approach Using the Hausman statistical tests to check for the existence of endogeneity, the proper method for estimating the model for this study is the two-stage least square regression model. The two-stage least squares regression model addresses the problem of endogeneity using instrumental variables. The mediating role of governance on the effectiveness of public health spending on health was considered by an interaction of governance indicators with public health spending. Findings The results showed that public health spending had no significant effect on health outcome except when interacted with governance quality. The interaction of government health spending with governance effectiveness as well as that for control of corruption improved health by inducing a fall in maternal deaths, whereas government health expenditure interacted with rule of law raised maternal mortality. Public health spending interacted with regulatory quality improved life expectancy while that for political stability with public health spending induced a fall in life expectancy, poor maternal and infant health. Political stability and the control of corruption had direct influence on maternal health. Practical implications Given the predominance of public health spending in promoting access to health care and population health status for developing economies, the effectiveness of such spending should be top priority in policy makers’ agenda. This again is important because for developing economies, government revenue is generated from a small tax base due to their highly informal nature. To improve health status from public intervention in the health sector, there is indeed need for improvement in the overall state of governance in Nigeria. Originality/value This paper is one of the few country case studies which uses time series data to examine the role of governance on the efficacy of public health spending with extension of findings to maternal health and covering more measures of governance quality. The results fundamentally illuminate the importance of governance in fostering development in health and consequently enhancing economic development and growth.

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Section: Some Literature Evidencementioning

confidence: 99%

Public health spending and health outcome in Nigeria: the role of governance

Osakede

2020

IJDI

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“…Increases in health care spending with an expansion of health care services, especially for the elderly, have been found to be associated with a rise in longevity (Mackenbach et al, 2011). Although some scholars argued that health outcomes were not directly impacted by health care expenditures (Barlow & Vissandjée, 1999;Blázquez-Fernández et al, 2018;Rhee, 2012), most of the studies in the 1970s, 1990s and 2000s showed a positive relationship between the two terms and included some forms of health expenditure as inputs in their models (Berger & Messer, 2002;Cochrane et al, 1978;Crémieux et al, 1999Crémieux et al, , 2005.…”

Section: Health Care Expendituresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ranabhat et al (Ranabhat et al, 2018), in a study of more than 180 countries, found a negative influence of out-ofpocket expenditure on life expectancy. Rhee (Rhee, 2012) pointed out that when public and private health expenditures are jointly included, the latter appears to be less significant. By contrast, Aisa et al (Aisa et al, 2014), regarding public health expenses in relation to life expectancy, found an inverted U-shaped curve.…”

Section: Health Financing Policiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants of life expectancy at birth: a longitudinal study on OECD countries

Roffia

Bucciol

Hashlamoun

2022

Int J Health Econ Manag.

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This paper analyses the influence of several determinants on life expectancy at birth in 36 OECD countries over the 1999–2018 period. We utilized a cross-country fixed-effects multiple regression analysis with year and country dummies and used dynamic models, backward stepwise selection, and Arellano–Bond estimators to treat potential endogeneity issues. The results show the influence of per capita health-care expenditure, incidence of out-of-pocket expenditure, physician density, hospital bed density, social spending, GDP level, participation ratio to labour, prevalence of chronic respiratory diseases, temperature, and total size of the population on life expectancy at birth. In line with previous studies, this analysis confirms the relevance of both health care expenditure and health care system (physicians and hospital beds in our analysis) in influencing a country’s population life expectancy. It also outlines the importance of other factors related to population behaviour and social spending jointly considered on this outcome. Policy makers should carefully consider these mutual influences when allocating public funds, particularly after the COVID-19 pandemic period.

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“…A study done by Rhe [32] examined the effect of health expenditure on life expectancy at birth and infant mortality rate over the years 1985-2010 in Korea. Using time serious data, the obtained result showed a significant and positive effect of health care spending on the two proxies of health status with an elasticity of 0.01 to 0.02.…”

Section: Research Work Focusing On the Middle East Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Healthcare Expenditure on the Health Outcomes in Sub-Saharan African Countries

Xing

Yimer

2019

AJEBA

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Health is a major component for a fulfilled life that everyone in the world desires to acquire. Governments are expected to play a vital role in providing quality health service to their people. Even though an increased health care expenditure is mostly considered as a primary contributor for an improved health outcome, empirical studies however indicate controversial results. The primary objective of this paper is to examine the effect of health expenditure on the selected health outcomes (Life Expectancy, Infant Mortality, Under-Five Mortality and Crude death) in Sub Saharan Africa. The linear dynamic generalized method of moments instrumental variable (GMM-IV) was used on a panel of 39 Sub-Saharan African Countries for the years 1995-2014. Results of this study showed that health expenditure significantly improves life expectancy and lowers infant mortality, under-five mortality & crude death in Sub Saharan Africa. The separate effects of Public and private health expenditures have also shown a significant positive relationship on life expectancy and negative on infant mortality, under-five mortality & crude death. The one period lag of health expenditure was estimated and the regression results indicated statistically significant relationship with health outcomes. In addition to health expenditure, other determinants like Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita, urbanization, immunization and basic drinking water brought improvement on life expectancy, infant mortality, under-five mortality & crude death. In contrast, HIV prevalence and unemployment are factors that reduce life expectancy and increase infant mortality, under-five mortality & crude death. This study indicated that health expenditure is an important element in attaining improved health outcome in Sub-Saharan African Countries. Therefore, increasing the amount of health expenditure allocated to the health sector yields a better health status. More on, revising policies to improve GDP per capita, immunization, urbanization and basic drinking water service, and strategies intended to reduce HIV prevalence and unemployment assure a better health outcome.

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Effects of Health Care Expenditure on the Infant Mortality Rate and Life Expectancy at Birth in Korea

Abstract: ABSTRACT

Cited by 7 publications

References 10 publications

Public health spending and health outcome in Nigeria: the role of governance

Public health spending and health outcome in Nigeria: the role of governance

Determinants of life expectancy at birth: a longitudinal study on OECD countries

The Effect of Healthcare Expenditure on the Health Outcomes in Sub-Saharan African Countries

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