Effects of Heat Removal Through the Hand on Metabolism and Performance During Cycling Exercise in the Heat

Hsu, Andrew R.; Hagobian, Todd; Jacobs, Kevin A.; Attallah, Hamdee; Friedlander, Anne L.

doi:10.1139/h05-107

Cited by 42 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Time to exhaustion was ∼5.5 minutes longer in the control condition compared to the palm cooling condition. In contrast, another study reported that palm cooling improves 30 km cycling time trial performance in the heat (32°C) with 4 minutes (6.6%, ES = 1.54) 61 . Therefore, the effects of palm cooling are still unclear and future studies are warranted.…”

Section: Per-coolingmentioning

confidence: 95%

Cooling interventions for athletes: An overview of effectiveness, physiological mechanisms, and practical considerations

Bongers¹,

Hopman²,

2017

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Exercise-induced increases in core body temperature could negative impact performance and may lead to development of heat-related illnesses. The use of cooling techniques prior (pre-cooling), during (per-cooling) or directly after (post-cooling) exercise may limit the increase in core body temperature and therefore improve exercise performance. The aim of the present review is to provide a comprehensive overview of current scientific knowledge in the field of pre-cooling, per-cooling and post-cooling. Based on existing studies, we will discuss 1) the effectiveness of cooling interventions, 2) the underlying physiological mechanisms and 3) practical considerations regarding the use of different cooling techniques. Furthermore, we tried to identify the optimal cooling technique and compared whether cooling-induced performance benefits are different between cool, moderate and hot ambient conditions. This article provides researchers, physicians, athletes and coaches with important information regarding the implementation of cooling techniques to maintain exercise performance and to successfully compete in thermally stressful conditions.

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Section: Per-coolingmentioning

confidence: 95%

Cooling interventions for athletes: An overview of effectiveness, physiological mechanisms, and practical considerations

Bongers¹,

Hopman²,

2017

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“…The arteriovenous anastomoses (AVAs) and venous plexuses in the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet are effective mechanisms for heat dissipation when core body temperature rises (3,4,9,10,17). A device previously described (11) is used to apply a 35-to 45-mmHg subatmospheric pressure to an entire hand to draw blood into the hand and increase the filling of the venous plexus underlying the palmar surface. A heat sink applied to that palm extracts heat and cools the venous blood.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat extraction through the palm of one hand improves aerobic exercise endurance in a hot environment

Grahn

Cao²,

Heller³

2005

Journal of Applied Physiology

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In situations where the accumulation of internal heat limits physical performance, enhanced heat extraction from the body should improve performance capacity. The combined application of local subatmospheric pressure (35-45 mmHg) to an entire hand (to increase blood volume) and a heat sink (18-22 degrees C) to the palmar surface were used to draw heat out of the circulating blood. Subjects walked uphill (5.63 km/h) on a treadmill in a 40 degree C environment. Slopes of the treadmill were held constant during paired experimental trials (with and without the device). Heat extraction attenuated the rate of esophageal temperature rise during exercise (2.1 +/- 0.4 degrees and 2.9 +/- 0.5 degrees C/h, mean +/- SE, with and without the device, respectively; n = 8) and increased exercise duration (46.1 +/- 3.4 and 32.3 +/- 1.7 min with and without the device, respectively; n = 18). Hand cooling alone had little effect on exercise duration (34.1 +/- 3.0, 38.0 +/- 3.5, and 57.0 +/- 6.4 min, for control, cooling only, and cooling, and subatmospheric pressure, respectively; n = 6). In a longer term study, nine subjects participated in two or four trials per week for 8 wk. The individual workloads (treadmill slope) were varied weekly. Use of the device had a beneficial effect on exercise endurance at all workloads, but the benefit proportionally decreased at higher workloads. It is concluded that heat can be efficiently removed from the body by using the described technology and that such treatment can provide a substantial performance benefit in thermally stressful conditions.

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“…The exercise protocol in the current study was of a much greater intensity for a shorter duration than the protocols that have reported a significant cooling effect of the RTX. For example, in the study conducted by Hsu et al (2005), subjects cycled at a 60% VO 2 peak for approximately 60 minutes, while in the study by Grahn et al (2005), subjects walked at moderate rate until their HR reached 90% of the predicted maximum, which occurred between 34 and 57 minutes of continuous exercise. The intensity of the exercise protocol in the present study was very high.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The intended result is a greater heat exchange than with cooling alone. Two investigations (Grahn et al, 1999, Hsu et al, 2005 have reported that use of the RTX enhanced cooling and/or mitigated thermal stress during exercise more successfully than no cooling (Hsu et al, 2005) or hand cooling alone (Grahn et al, 1999). Additionally, the company that manufacturers the RTX (AVAcore Technologies, Ann Arbor, MI) has reported anecdotal evidence of athletes increasing repetitive set training volumes by extremely large amounts when using the CoreControl™ between sets and/or intervals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is Performance of Intermittent Intense Exercise Enhanced by Use of a Commercial Palm Cooling Device?

Walker¹,

Zupan²,

McGregor³

et al. 2009

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research

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Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing this collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden to Department of Defense, Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports (0704-0188), 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to any penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. PLEASE DO NOT RETURN YOUR FORM TO THE ABOVE ADDRESS. REPORT DATE (DD-MM-YYYY) 12-01-2008 REPORT TYPE Technical Report DATES COVERED (From -To ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to determine if using the Core Control™ Rapid Thermal Exchange (RTX), a commercial palm cooling device, during active rest periods of multiple set training, is an effective means to increase performance. Ten subjects completed three interval running tests on a human powered treadmill. In those performances subjects completed eight 30-second intervals at a hard/fast pace followed by a 90-second walking or light jogging recovery period. During the recovery period, the subjects placed their hand on one of three media: the RTX held at 15°C (R); a 15°C standard refrigerant gel pack (P), or nothing at all (C.) Although there were differences in core temperature (T c) , subjective heat stress ratings, distance and power generated between intervals, there were no significant differences found between treatments for any of these variables nor was the interaction effect of interval*treatment found to be significant. We conclude that the RTX, in its current iteration, is ineffective at improving performance and/or mitigating thermal stress during high-intensity intermittent exercise. SUBJECT TERMSCore Control™ Rapid Thermal Exchange, palm cooling device, thermal stress Distribution A: Approved for public release; distribution unlimited.ii THIS PAGE LEFT INTENTIONALLY BLANKDistribution A: Approved for public release; distribution unlimited.iii viii Executive Summary TABLE OF CONTENTS Purpose:The purpose of this study was to determine if using the CoreControl™ Rapid Thermal Exchange (RTX), a commercial palm cooling device, during active rest periods of multiple set training, is an effective means to increase performance. Our hypothesis was that use of the RTX would lower or slow increase in core temperature (T c ), during activity, resulting in greater work and/or training volume per exercise session. Methods:Ten volunteers (5 male, 5 female) participated in this study. Each volunteer completed four sessions. Session one comprised of a medical examination followed by a VO 2 max test administered via t...

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Effects of Heat Removal Through the Hand on Metabolism and Performance During Cycling Exercise in the Heat

Abstract: Catalogue DataHsu, A.R.; Hagobian, T.A.; Jacobs, K.A.; Attallah, H.; and Friedlander, A.L. (2005). Effects of heat removal through the hand on metabolism and performance during cycling exercise in the heat. Can. J. Appl. Physiol. 30 (1)

Cited by 42 publications

References 30 publications

Cooling interventions for athletes: An overview of effectiveness, physiological mechanisms, and practical considerations

Cooling interventions for athletes: An overview of effectiveness, physiological mechanisms, and practical considerations

Heat extraction through the palm of one hand improves aerobic exercise endurance in a hot environment

Is Performance of Intermittent Intense Exercise Enhanced by Use of a Commercial Palm Cooling Device?

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