Effects of Heat Stress Exposure and Climate Change on Health and Safety of Outdoor Workers

Abstract

The studies carried in the world regarding the possible significant influence of climate change on the health and safety of outdoor workers has not been given the due consideration (especially in the least developed and developing countries). Hundreds and thousands of outdoor workers are exposed to elevated temperatures, humid environments and climate extremes in combination with urban air pollution; which is ultimately impacting their safety and well-being. The statistics show that in the past few years, due to the rise in temperature on earth and frequent heat waves within urban settlements, an abrupt increase has been observed in the rate of heat-related health problems. Exposure to extreme heat (exceeding 40 ºC)causes many direct and indirect health hazards, which include vector-borne diseases and exposure to certain harmful chemicals. Currently, the climatic and heat-related effects are decreasing the working capacity of workers and in the future it is projected that the frequency and magnitude of these effects will increase. With the rise in temperature and the occurrence of frequent heat waves in urban areas, the number of health issues due to high (maximum average)temperature has increased rapidly. This article discusses the impacts of heat exposure and climatic change on productivity,health and safety of outdoor workers by summarizing findings from the literature, and eventually recommends control measures for reducing heat exposure at the outdoor work areasand climatic adaptations. In addition, it argues that there is a need for more research about the impacts on health and economic conditions due to heat and climate change in the workplace on global level (especially in developing countries).

A Study on Urban Heat Island (UHI): Challenges and Opportunities for Mitigation

“…To improve outdoor thermal comfort and counteract the heat island effect, several mitigation strategies have been suggested, including shading, highly reflective materials, ventilation, and green infrastructure. 61 Therefore, incorporating these tactics into current urban planning processes and future developments is crucial. Researchers and city planners will need to assess the city's features and planning resources, with a special focus on the connections among land cover, land use, and mean surface temperatures, to reach this goal.…”

“…With the growth of cities around the world, the UHI has emerged as a human-caused component of global warming. 7 Numerous investigations have been carried out to examine UHI, employing temperature data collected from both ground-based measurements and satellites. The article summarizes the theory behind UHI and highlights how different studies have used processing techniques and data from satellites to obtain LST as proof of UHI.…”