Effects of Heat Treatment of Green Protein on <i>in Situ</i> Protein Disappearance and <i>in Vitro</i> Fatty Acid Biohydrogenation

Chowdhury, Mohammed Rashed; Lashkari, Saman; Jensen, Søren Krogh; Ambye‐Jensen, Morten; Weisbjerg, M.R.

doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.8b02176

Cited by 17 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 52 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…It is well established that free PUFA are more toxic than esterified PUFA to the function of rumen bacteria; therefore, the microbes biohydrogenate PUFA to avoid the toxic effect (Choi et al, ). In the present study, the V max and K M values of SA formation in different lipid fractions were unchanged, indicating that neither the decrease in substrate concentrations nor the accumulation of BH intermediates altered the SA formation (Chowdhury, Lashkari, Jensen, Ambye Jensen, & Weisbjerg, ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

Rumen biohydrogenation of linoleic and linolenic acids is reduced when esterified to phospholipids or steroids

Lashkari

Petersen²,

Jensen

2019

Food Science & Nutrition

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Manipulation of rumen biohydrogenation (BH) is of great importance, since decreased BH of linolenic acid (LNA) and linoleic acid (LA) is linked to increased content of the beneficial polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in dairy products and decreased content of trans fatty acids (FAs). We hypothesized that PUFA esterified to the complex lipid fractions are less prone to BH compared with PUFA esterified to the simple lipid fractions due to reduced lipolysis. In vitro rumen BH of different single lipid fractions was investigated, including free fatty acids (FFA), and esterified FA to triglycerides (TG), cholesterol esters (CE), and phospholipids (PL). A mixture of a buffer solution and rumen fluid was incubated with different lipid fractions, and C18 FAs were quantified by gas chromatography. In vitro BH kinetic parameters were quantified according to Michaelis–Menten equation and the maximum BH (Vmax) and time to achieve 50% of maximum amount (KM) estimated. Regardless of fatty acids, BH in CE and PL was lower than FFA and TG. The highest amount of cis‐9, trans‐11 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and trans‐10, cis‐12 CLA was observed in lipid fractions containing LA and LNA, respectively, regardless of lipid fractions. The present study demonstrates the importance of lipid fractions on BH of LNA and LA and formation of CLA isomers. The results show that BH of FAs depends on the lipid fractions.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

Rumen biohydrogenation of linoleic and linolenic acids is reduced when esterified to phospholipids or steroids

Lashkari

Petersen²,

Jensen

2019

Food Science & Nutrition

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Therefore, the applied heat in the present study did not overprotect CP and AA for small intestinal digestibility, and toasting of oat caused a shift in the site of AA digestion from the rumen to the small intestine. Chowdhury et al (2018) showed that Lys is one of the most heat-sensitive AA. Data on the Lys digestibility for diets with toasted oat were similar to the other treatments, which indicates that toasting oat at 121°C did not overprotect the CP.…”

Section: Digestion Of Cp and Aa In The Small Intestinementioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of toasting and decortication of oat on nutrient digestibility in the rumen and small intestine and on amino acid supply in dairy cows

Panah

Lashkari

Hellwing

et al. 2020

Journal of Dairy Science

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study examined the potential for decorticating and toasting of oat (Avena sativa) to supply crude protein (CP) and amino acids (AA) in dairy cows. Four lactating Danish Holstein Friesian cows fitted with ruminal, duodenal, and ileal cannulas were assigned to a 4 × 4 Latin square design. Cows were fed experimental diets ad libitum based on grass-clover silage and toasted fava beans, with oat included in different forms arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial: whole oat, decorticated oat, toasted oat, and decorticated toasted oat. In situ rumen degradability of processed oat was also evaluated. Decortication increased starch intake by 0.38 kg/d and reduced NDF intake by 0.91 kg/d. Toasting reduced ruminal AA digestibility and increased duodenal flow of CP by 0.41 kg/d. In situ degradation rate and effective degradability of CP in the rumen were reduced by 0.46 h −1 and 310 g/kg CP due to toasting. Both decortication and toasting increased microbial synthesis of CP by 0.20 and 0.41 kg/d, respectively. Decortication and toasting did not affect small intestinal AA digestibility, but did increase the total digested amount of AA by 154 and 250 g/d, respectively. Milk production was not affected by treatments. Methane production (L/d) decreased with decortication and toasting. In conclusion, unless an interaction exists between decortication and toasting, the results indicate additive effects of toasting and decorticating oat for increasing the supply of digestible AA to the small intestine of dairy cows.

show abstract

“…The differences between green protein and soybean meal in the a and b fractions were balanced as the potential degradable fraction a + b was similar. Chowdhury et al (2018) also showed an increasing a fraction and decreasing b fraction in heat-dried green protein.…”

Section: Disappearancementioning

confidence: 84%

Ensiled pulp from biorefining increased milk production in dairy cows compared with grass–clover silage

Damborg

Jensen

Johansen

et al. 2019

Journal of Dairy Science

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The objective of the current study was to examine the effect of fibrous pulp and partial substitution of soybean meal with green protein concentrate from biorefining of grass-clover on dry matter intake, milk production, digestibility, and eating behavior in dairy cows compared with untreated grass-clover silage and soybean meal. Biorefining of grass-clover occurred right after harvest in a production-scale twin-screw press. The twin-screw pressing separated the grass-clover into a pulp and a green juice. The green juice was fermented using lactic acid bacteria for protein precipitation and then decanted, and the precipitate was heat dried to constitute the green protein concentrate. From the same field, grass-clover was harvested 6 d later due to rainy weather and was prewilted before ensiling. The pulp and the grass-clover were ensiled in bales without additives. The production trial consisted of an incomplete 6 × 4 Latin square trial (3-wk periods; 12 wk total) including 36 lactating Holstein cows. The trial had 6 treatments in a 2 × 3 factorial design with 2 forage types (grass-clover silage and pulp silage) and 3 protein treatments (low protein, high protein with soybean meal, and high protein with a mixture of soybean meal and green protein). The trial was designed to test silage type, protein type, protein level, and the interaction between protein level and silage type. The forage: concentrate ratio was 55:45 in low protein total mixed rations (TMR) and 51:49 in high protein TMR. Low protein and high protein TMR were composed of 372 and 342 g/kg of DM of experimental silages, respectively, and green protein supplemented TMR was composed of 28.5 g/kg of DM of green protein. Silage type did not affect dry matter intake of cows. The average energy-corrected milk yield was 37.0 and 33.4 kg/d for cows fed pulp silage and grass-clover silage, respectively, resulting in an improved feed efficiency in the cows receiving pulp silage. Milk fat concentration was greater in milk from cows fed pulp silage, and milk protein concentration was lower compared with milk from cows fed grass-clover silage. The in vivo digestibility of crude protein and neutral detergent fiber was greater for pulp silage diets compared with grass-clover silage diets. Eating rate was greater, whereas daily eating duration was lower, for pulp silage diets compared with grass-clover silage diets. The partial substitution of soybean meal with green protein did not affect dry matter intake, milk yield, or eating behavior. The in vivo digestibility of crude protein in green protein supplemented diets was lower compared with soybean meal diets. The results imply that extraction of protein from grassland plants can increase the value of the fiber part of grassland plants.

show abstract

Effects of Heat Treatment of Green Protein on in Situ Protein Disappearance and in Vitro Fatty Acid Biohydrogenation

Cited by 17 publications

References 52 publications

Rumen biohydrogenation of linoleic and linolenic acids is reduced when esterified to phospholipids or steroids

Rumen biohydrogenation of linoleic and linolenic acids is reduced when esterified to phospholipids or steroids

Effects of toasting and decortication of oat on nutrient digestibility in the rumen and small intestine and on amino acid supply in dairy cows

Ensiled pulp from biorefining increased milk production in dairy cows compared with grass–clover silage

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About