Effects of heat treatment on microstructure and hardness of D2 tools

Hariningsih, Hariningsih; Lutiyatmi, Lutiyatmi; Daryanto, Tri Joko

doi:10.23917/arstech.v3i1.761

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Hardness is affected by changes in microstructure, from pearlite before heat treatment to bainite and the remaining austenite after quenching, where bainite is harder than pearlite. This result differs from type D, where the hardness of the quench with air reaches 61.61 HRC [20]. In addition, the hardness correlates with the structure formed, where aircooled AISI D2 forms martensite and AISI O1 only begins bainite.…”

Section: Hardnessmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…However, bainite has a finer crystal structure than pearlite and is visible when viewed with an electron microscope [24]. Although they are both types of AISI tool steel, type O differs from type D. AISI D2 is quenched with air and has a martensite structure [20], whereas O1 only has a bainite structure. It happens because the time for martensite formation in AISI D2 steel is wider or longer than that of AISI O1.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The quenching media's cooling rate greatly affects the heat-treated material's final properties. Therefore, selecting the quenching medium and controlling the cooling rate is vital to achieving the desired properties [20]. Cryogenic treatment is more effective in increasing the hardness of tool steel [8], but cryogenic treatment requires liquid nitrogen, which is quite expensive.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Quenching Media Variations on the Hardness and Microstructures of Aisi O1 Tool Steel

Gustiani,

2023

mesin

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Tool steels AISI O1 are widely used in the manufacturing industry to produce a wide variety of tools, moulds, and other applications requiring high wear resistance. Wear resistance is identic with high hardness, and the combination can be obtained by hardening-tempering and cryogenic treatment. However, cryogenic treatment requires liquid nitrogen, which is relatively expensive. Therefore, this study aims to determine whether to cool to produce high hardness, which is close to the hardness value of 69 HRC due to cryogenic treatment. The hardening process was carried out by heating the steel at a temperature of 880 °C and holding it for 30 minutes, then quenching using air, oil SAE 10, water with 15% salt, and ice water. The microstructure of the test sample was observed with an optical microscope, and the hardness was tested with a Rockwell hardness tester. The test results showed that the microstructure changed from pearlite and ferrite to bainite and martensite after hardening-quenching. The lower the quenching media temperature, the higher the hardness. Ice water quenching resulted in a fully martensitic structure, and the highest hardness was 66.37 HRC. Ice water is a quenching medium that can produce hardness almost close to the hardness of cryogenic treatment.

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Section: Hardnessmentioning

confidence: 70%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Quenching Media Variations on the Hardness and Microstructures of Aisi O1 Tool Steel

Gustiani,

2023

mesin

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“…Therefore, it is necessary to research the manufacture of permanent molds with FCD because it has hard dan tough properties, has a higher melting point than gray cast iron, and will be easy to machine to produce good products/molds and more precision to reduce the finishing process [18][19][20]. Hardness and toughness are important properties of metals [21][22][23][24][25]. The hardness and toughness of permanent molds with cast iron material are influenced by the percentage of roundness of graphite in the microstructure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Nodular Graphite on Hardness and Toughness in Permanent Molds Made of Ferro Casting Ductile

Yulianto,

Darmawan,

Anggono

et al. 2024

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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The permanent mold was made of Ferro Casting Ductile as a result of sand casting. Permanent mold is mold that can be used repeatedly. This permanent mold is used to produce tensile test specimens. Tensile test specimens are made of gray cast iron. This study aims to determine and analyze the effect of spheroidal graphite on the hardness and toughness of Ferro Casting Ductile in permanent molds to make tensile test specimens. The casting process starts by making patterns using Styrofoam, making molds with green-sand sand molds, followed by pouring molten cast iron into the molds. The next process is dismantling the castings and machining to get a permanent mold according to the dimensions. Specimens for testing the chemical composition were obtained from the results of castings into spherical dies. Meanwhile, the impact, hardness, and microstructure specimens were taken from the permanent molded product. The results of the chemical composition test showed that Ferro Casting Ductile contained several main elements, namely 92.14 %Fe, 3.681 %C, 3.715 %Si, 0.182 %Mn, 0.050 %Ni, and 0.034 %Mg which affected the percentage of nodular graphite. Nodular graphite will affect the hardness of the permanent mold. Validation was carried out by testing the hardness at 3 different points 167.70 VHN, 162.77 VHN, and 155.77 VHN. Toughness was obtained from the impact test using the Charpy method, the impact values were 0.048 Joule/mm2 0.046 Joule/mm2 0.037 Joule/mm2 on 3 different specimens. From the test results, the specimen has met the FCD 400 standard.

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“…However, the toughness of nodular cast iron can still be improved by modifying the microstructure. The microstructure can be changed by adding alloying elements or by heat treatment [14][15][16]. One of the most common heat treatments applied to increase the toughness of nodular cast iron is austempering.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Austempering Holding Time Variations of 30, 60, and 90 Minutes at 300 °C on The Microstructure and Toughness of Nodular Cast Iron

Darmawan,

Anggono,

Yulianto

et al. 2024

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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The phases of the nodular cast iron matrix are similar to those of steel. Therefore, heat treatment of steel can be applied to nodular cast iron. A potential heat treatment for nodular cast iron is austempering. This study aimed to determine the effect of austempering holding time at 300 °C on the microstructure and toughness of nodular cast iron. The austempering process begins with austenitizing at a temperature of 850 °C for 60 minutes, then the quenching process is carried out in a salt bath until a temperature of 300 °C is held with variations of 30, 60, and 90 minutes, then cooled to room temperature. Metallographic testing was conducted to determine the phase change before and after the austempering process using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Meanwhile, impact testing was carried out to determine changes in toughness before and after the austempering process. At a holding time of 30 minutes, metallographic testing on the raw material produced a gray coarse pearlite phase, black nodular graphite surrounded by white ferrite. After the austempering process, gray fine pearlite and black nodular graphite appeared. At the holding time of 60 and 90 minutes, the graphite sizes were bigger. Austempering withholding times of 30, 60, and 90 minutes resulted in impact energy of 4.2, 10, and 11 Joule. From the results of the study, it was concluded that an increase in holding time would increase the size of the graphite and the toughness of nodular cast iron.

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Effects of heat treatment on microstructure and hardness of D2 tools

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Effect of Quenching Media Variations on the Hardness and Microstructures of Aisi O1 Tool Steel

Effect of Quenching Media Variations on the Hardness and Microstructures of Aisi O1 Tool Steel

The Effect of Nodular Graphite on Hardness and Toughness in Permanent Molds Made of Ferro Casting Ductile

Effect of Austempering Holding Time Variations of 30, 60, and 90 Minutes at 300 °C on The Microstructure and Toughness of Nodular Cast Iron

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