Effects of Heavy Isotopes (2H1 and 18O16) Depleted Water Con-Sumption on Physical Recovery and Metabolic and Immunological Parameters of Healthy Volunteers under Regular Fitness Load

Abstract

Water depleted of heavy isotopes, such as 2H1 and 18O16 (HIDW), has shown numerous biological/health effects in vitro, in vivo, and in epidemiological studies. Major observations were related to cell growth/differentiation, immune/nervous system responses, endurance/adaptation, mitochondrial electron transfer, energy production, glucose metabolism, etc. No human studies to confirm physiological, metabolic, and immune responses to the consumption of HIDW have been performed. A placebo-controlled study on healthy volunteers (n = 50) under fitness load who consumed 1.5 L HIDW (58 ppm 2H and 1780 ppm 18O) or normal water for 60 days was carried out. Plasma content of 2H1 and 18O16, markers of energy, lipid, and glucose metabolism, anthropometric, cardio-vascular, oxidant/antioxidant, and immunological parameters were determined. Significant decrease in plasma heavy isotopes in the group consuming HIDW was observed in concomitance with an increase in ATP, insulin, and LDH, and diminished plasma lactate. Several anthropometric and cardio-vascular parameters were improved as compared to placebo group. Lipid markers demonstrated antiatherogenic effects, while oxidant/antioxidant parameters revealed HIDW-induced hormesis. Antibacterial/antiviral immunity was remarkably higher in HIDW versus placebo group. Conclusions: HIDW consumption by humans under fitness load could be a valid approach to improve their adaptation/recovery through several mechanisms.

Fermented Carica papaya and Morinda citrifolia as Perspective Food Supplements for the Treatment of Post-COVID Symptoms: Randomized Placebo-Controlled Clinical Laboratory Study

“…By unknown as yet mechanisms, ATP levels in PMN returned to the normal range upon the effects of FFS but not placebo. Energy conserving/generating effect of FFS could be explained in terms of hormesis-like action of fermented fruits, due to which cell functions and their defence against excessive oxidation improve through Nrf2-related mechanisms [ 40 , 41 , 63 ]. Alkyl catechols are natural redox-sensitive co-factors for Nrf2 activation by moderate oxidative stress.…”

“…After centrifugation at 1500× g for 10 min, bacterial sediments were collected and diluted to an OD600 of 0.1 with fresh medium, spread onto Petri dishes with an appropriate agar-containing medium, and were allowed to grow at 37 °C for 24 h. The bacteria survival rates were calculated as the colony-forming-units (CFU) of cells co-incubated with granulocytes. The results were expressed as a percentage [ 63 ].…”

“…Cytokine concentrations were expressed in pg/mL of plasma. Each protein was quantified in the linear range of its calibration curve [ 63 ].…”

Serum Leptin, Plasma Glucose, and Lactate Changes following Aerobic Exhaustive Incremental Exercise in Trained 18-26 Years Old Men

“…Although the role of leptin in several physiological areas is only partially understood at best, even less is known about the effect of exercise on plasma leptin concentrations. According to the studies carried out on men [8,9] , some authors have shown that circulating leptin levels are lower in athletes than in sedentary subjects, because of the lower body fat content of the sportsmen and probably as a result of the complex neurohormonal adaptations on the long-term physical training [10] . Circulating leptin has been investigated, in man, after the different protocols of exercise that include shortand long-term exercise training [11] and following single sets of exercise (maximal, sub-maximal, short duration, and long duration) [12,13] .…”

“…Conclusion Incremental exhaustive exercise has no significant effect on serum leptin. [1] A study on the prevalence and clinical features ... [2] Occupational exposure and sensitization to ... [3] Close encounters of the microbial ... [4] Recent consensus on the classification of rhinosinusitis ... [5] Diseases of the sinuses: A comprehensive textbook of ... [6] Descriptions of medical ... [7] Scott-Brown's otorhinolaryngology and head ... [8] The role of fungi in diseases of the nose ... [9] Imaging features of invasive and noninvasive fungal ... [10] Controversies surrounding the categorization ... [11] Fungal rhinosinusitis: A categorization and definitional ... [12] Fungal sinusitis: Histologic spectrum and correlation ... [13] Paranasal fungal sinusitis: contributions of ... [14] Spectrum of fungal rhinosinusitis: Histopathologist's ... [15] Fungal rhinosinusitis: A retrospective microbiologic ... [16] Invasive and non-invasive fungal rhinosinusitis-a ... [17] Fungal infections of the nose and paranasal ... [18] Endoscopic surgery for mycotic and chronic ... [19] Fungal sinusitis in the immunocompetent ... [20] Incidence and presentation of fungal sinusitis ... [21] A study on the frequency of fungal rhinosinusitis and ... [22] Aerobic bacteria and fungal isolates in maxillary ... [23] Fungal rhinosinusitis: Microbiological and ... [24] Prevalence of noninvasive fungal sinusitis in South ... [25] Allergic fungal rhino-sinusitis frequency in chronic ... [26]…”