Abstract:Development of bio-based polymers can reduce human dependence on fossil fuel and move to a sustainable material resource. In this work, thermoplastics starch (TPS) films were produced by plasticization process, in which the crystalline structure of the starch granules was destroyed and reformed by water and glycerine through mechanical stirring and heating process. Hectorite was employed as filler to reinforce the TPS films. The hectorite was subjected to ultrasonication process for reducing the size and aggre… Show more
“…58 Besides the well-dispersed reinforcement reduce the chain mobility, thus enhancing the TS of the polymer. 59 At low fiber loadings, the percentage orientation was the lowest, as the fibers could randomly move around, which led to increased chaocity and decreased levels of orientation. 60 Figure 18.Effect of fiber loading on TS.…”
The use and disposal of traditional fiber-reinforced polymer composites is an important environmental challenge as one of the factors contributing to worsening climate change. The primary objective of this research is to synthesize thermoplastic starch (TPS) from edible banana skins which can potentially be used as a matrix to produce bio-composite films. For the synthesis of TPS, the preparation of banana peels was performed followed by plasticization to obtain the banana peels TPS. For bio-composite film fabrication, the TPS was mixed with short false banana fibers (FBF) (10–30% by weight of the film) with an electronic blender to form a uniform dispersion of the fibers in the TPS. The FBF/TPS blend was applied uniformly on the surface of the rectangular metal mold. The autoclave method has been adopted for curing and molding the bio-composite film. Then, it was hot pressed varying the temperature and pressure from 131–141 OC to 3–6 MPa, respectively, to obtain the final cured film. The specimen was then solidified or hardened at ambient temperature. Finally, optimization of process parameters, fiber content, and their interaction effects on the tear strength, tensile strength, and bending modulus of the bio composite films were conducted using response surface methodology. The results indicate that both the effects of one factor and the interaction of factors have a significant effect on the mechanical properties of composite films. The optimum processing parameters for TPS production are a temperature of 50 OC and a drying time of 24 h. The optimal result indicates that, at 30% fiber loading, the optimum processing temperature and pressure are 135.14°C and 4.33 MPa, respectively, resulting in a composite film with good mechanical properties.
“…58 Besides the well-dispersed reinforcement reduce the chain mobility, thus enhancing the TS of the polymer. 59 At low fiber loadings, the percentage orientation was the lowest, as the fibers could randomly move around, which led to increased chaocity and decreased levels of orientation. 60 Figure 18.Effect of fiber loading on TS.…”
The use and disposal of traditional fiber-reinforced polymer composites is an important environmental challenge as one of the factors contributing to worsening climate change. The primary objective of this research is to synthesize thermoplastic starch (TPS) from edible banana skins which can potentially be used as a matrix to produce bio-composite films. For the synthesis of TPS, the preparation of banana peels was performed followed by plasticization to obtain the banana peels TPS. For bio-composite film fabrication, the TPS was mixed with short false banana fibers (FBF) (10–30% by weight of the film) with an electronic blender to form a uniform dispersion of the fibers in the TPS. The FBF/TPS blend was applied uniformly on the surface of the rectangular metal mold. The autoclave method has been adopted for curing and molding the bio-composite film. Then, it was hot pressed varying the temperature and pressure from 131–141 OC to 3–6 MPa, respectively, to obtain the final cured film. The specimen was then solidified or hardened at ambient temperature. Finally, optimization of process parameters, fiber content, and their interaction effects on the tear strength, tensile strength, and bending modulus of the bio composite films were conducted using response surface methodology. The results indicate that both the effects of one factor and the interaction of factors have a significant effect on the mechanical properties of composite films. The optimum processing parameters for TPS production are a temperature of 50 OC and a drying time of 24 h. The optimal result indicates that, at 30% fiber loading, the optimum processing temperature and pressure are 135.14°C and 4.33 MPa, respectively, resulting in a composite film with good mechanical properties.
“…Reportedly, the biodegradable plastic market accounts for about 1% of the total amount of plastic produced each year. [7,8] The polymers such as poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), poly(lactic acid), poly (glycolic acid), poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid), and the polysaccharides such as starch, cellulose, xanthan gum are most extensively used for the rapid industrialization of biodegradable plastics. [9] PVA is a biodegradable and environmentally friendly material.…”
Hybrid composite films are largely preferred over neat films because of their superior thermal, mechanical, chemical, and hydrophobic properties. The hybrid composite film has a wide range of use, including space, defense, electronics, packaging, and engineering applications. Fabricating multifunctional hybrid composite films with biodegradable polymer and biodegradable filler such as cellulose nanocrystals has become popular in recent years as an alternative to conventional plastics. In this paper, hybrid hydroxylated boron nitride (BN) nanoparticles with CNC nano‐filer reinforced composite PVA films were fabricated. The obtained composite films were characterized for morphological, chemical, physical, thermal, and hydrophobic properties. The morphological analysis indicates that the hybrid nano‐filler was well dispersed in the poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) matrix. The reaction and hydrogen bond interactions between CNC and BN in composite films are confirmed by the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and x‐ray diffraction pattern. The contact angle method is used to confirm the enhancement of the hydrophobic property. The physical properties of the composite films and neat PVA film were analyzed by tensile test method using a universal testing machine. The thermal stability of the neat PVA film and the composite films were analyzed by the thermo‐gravimetric analysis method. The effect of hybridization of nanoparticles on the thermal, mechanical, and hydrophobic properties was studied. The hybrid composite film with enhanced properties allows it for multifunctional applications.
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