Effects of heel-toe drop on running biomechanics and perceived comfort of rearfoot strikers in standard cushioned running shoes

Mo, Shiwei; Lam, Wing-Kai; Ching, Eric; Chan, Zoe Y. S.; Zhang, Janet H.; Cheung, Roy T.H.

doi:10.1080/19424280.2020.1734868

Cited by 17 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 30 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Among all running-related injuries, the most common injury types are patellofemoral pain syndrome, iliotibial band friction syndrome, plantar fasciitis, meniscal injuries of the knee, and patellar tendinopathy (Taunton et al, 2002). To reduce the risk of running-related injuries, different types of running shoes were designed, which are minimalist, maximalist, and traditional running shoes (Chan et al, 2018;Mo et al, 2020;Mo et al, 2021). Both minimalist and maximalist running shoes had a shared feature of low heel-to-toe drop (HTD) compared to traditional running shoes (Malisoux et al, 2016;Mo et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute Effects of Heel-to-Toe Drop and Speed on Running Biomechanics and Strike Pattern in Male Recreational Runners: Application of Statistical Nonparametric Mapping in Lower Limb Biomechanics

et al. 2022

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

With the increased popularity of running, many studies have been conducted into footwears that are highly related to running performance and running-related injuries. Previous studies investigated different shoe types and running shoes with different heel-to-toe drops (HTDs). However, no research was found in investigating shoes with negative values with HTD. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the acute effect of HTD and running speed on lower limb biomechanics and strike pattern in recreational runners. Thirteen male recreational runners wearing shoes with two different HTDs (−8 and 8 mm) performed running at three different speeds (preferred speed [PS], 90% of PS, 110% of PS). Lower extremity kinematics and ground reaction forces were synchronously captured via Vicon motion analysis system and AMTI force platform. Strike index (SI), vertical average loading rate (VALR), vertical instantaneous loading rate (VILR), excursion, eversion duration, joint angles, and range of motion (ROM) of metatarsophalangeal (MTP), ankle, knee, and hip joints were calculated. Joint angles during the entire stance phase were analyzed applying the statistical nonparametric mapping (SnPM) method. SI and VILR in shoes with −8 mm HTD significantly increased by 18.99% and 31.836 BW/s compared to those with 8 mm HTD (SI: p = 0.002; VILR: p < 0.001). Significant alterations of ROM occurred in the MTP, ankle, and knee joints (p < 0.05), and HTD factor primarily accounted for these changes. Joint angles (MTP, knee, and hip) during the entire stance phase altered due to HTD and speed factors. Running speed primarily influenced the kinematics parameters of knee and hip joints, increasing knee angles in the frontal plane and hip angle in the horizontal plane at PS (p > 0.05). Compared to shoes with 8 mm HTD, shoes with −8 mm HTD may be useful to storage and return energy because of the increased ROM of MTP in the sagittal plane. Besides, forefoot strike gait retraining was recommended before transition from normal running shoes to running shoes with −8 mm HTD.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute Effects of Heel-to-Toe Drop and Speed on Running Biomechanics and Strike Pattern in Male Recreational Runners: Application of Statistical Nonparametric Mapping in Lower Limb Biomechanics

et al. 2022

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A priori power analysis indicated that a minimum number of 15 participants were required to obtain α = 0.05, effect size = 0.80 large, and power = 0.80, based on the impact loading, temporal-distance parameters from the previous studies [14,29]. To ensure a sufficient sample size, nineteen male recreational runners (mean age: 26.4 ± 6.5 yrs; mean mass: 72.0 ± 7.1 kg; mean height: 177.0 ± 4.8 cm) were recruited from local running clubs.…”

Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A synchronized 10-camera motion capturing system (Vicon MX, Vicon Motion System Ltd., Oxford, England, sampling at 200 Hz) was used to record kinematic data for the study. Running test for each condition lasted 1 min to achieve stable gait before data collection [29,46]. The last 10 footfalls from each condition were extracted for subsequent analysis.…”

Section: Experimental Conditions and Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Considering that it is plausible to induce running injuries in occasional runners when running in shoes with higher heel lift or heel-toe drop [14,[29][30][31][32][33], it is believed to lower loading rate and thereby reduce the risk of running-related injuries [28,34,35]. Moreover, arch-support orthoses may provide support on the midfoot structure and thereby affect forefoot mechanics during push-off [36], but this was not investigated in previous biomechanical studies on the effectiveness of arch-support orthoses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Influence of Arch-Support Orthoses with Heel Lift Manipulation on Joint Moments and Forefoot Mechanics in Running

et al. 2021

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

While foot orthosis is suggested to improve rearfoot motion in running, little information is known about forefoot biomechanics. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of arch-support orthoses with various heel lift manipulation on the loading rate, spatiotemporal, and forefoot joint mechanics using a skin marker set model. Fifteen male habitual rearfoot strikers ran at their selected speeds on an instrumented treadmill in four foot orthoses conditions: flat-control, D2 (2 mm heel lift, arch-support), D6 (6 mm heel lift, arch-support), and D10 (10 mm heel lift, arch-support). A repeated measures ANOVA was performed to examine any significant difference in each of the tested variables, with α = 0.05. Wearing D10 led to smaller maximum loading rate than D2 (p < 0.001) and control (p = 0.002). For sagittal plane, D10 had larger rearfoot touchdown dorsiflexion than D2 (p = 0.027) and control (p = 0.007) and larger in D6 than control (p = 0.025). For frontal plane, wearing D10 demonstrated larger rearfoot frontal RoM than D2 (p = 0.018) and peak forefoot eversion than D6 (p = 0.047) and control (p = 0.048). Furthermore, the forefoot frontal range of motion was lowest when wearing D6. For joint moment, wearing control orthosis exhibited larger peak rearfoot eversion moment than D6 (p = 0.035), but smaller peak knee extension moment than D2 (p = 0.025) and D10 (p = 0.010). These findings indicate that the use of arch-support orthoses would alter the running mechanics that are related to injury potential. Lower heel lift orthoses led to alternations to most of the biomechanical variables than higher heel lift orthoses. Further longitudinal study seems necessary to optimize arch-support orthoses design in running.

show abstract

“…The shoes used in this study were manufactured and provided by the same manufacturer (LS Networks, Gimhae-si, Korea) to keep the shoe materials and structures the same except for the differences in the curved shape of the outsole. These modifications in heel design were based on biomechanical considerations regarding heel contact during running (i.e., sagittal heel strike [20,24] and toe out angles [25][26][27] as well as the location of impact [28]).…”

Section: Characteristics Of the Shoesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of a Curved Heel Shape in a Running Shoe on Biomechanical Variables and Comfort

Ryu

Stefanyshyn

Sejin³

et al. 2021

Applied Sciences

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

(1) Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a rounded heel shoe (RHS) and rounded lateral heel shoe (RLHS) on impact and lower extremity stability as well as their relationships with comfort during running. (2) Methods: Twenty healthy male adults participated in the study. The data were collected using eight infrared cameras while participants were running at a speed of 2.7 m/s in three shoe conditions on an instrumented treadmill. (3) Results: The peak vertical ground reaction force (PVGRF) was statistically smaller for the RHS and RLHS compared with the normal shoes (NS) (p < 0.05). The range of motion of inversion–eversion at the ankle joint was statistically smaller for the RLHS compared with the NS and RHS (p < 0.05). Increased dorsiflexion of the ankle joint at heel contact was negatively related to the comfort of a running shoe, and increased dorsi-plantarflexion ROM was positively related to comfort. (4) Conclusions: Based on these results, a curved heel shape of a running shoe may provide a positive influence on the biomechanical function and the comfort of running shoes. Future study, including measurements of lower extremity muscle activations and long-term comfort, would be beneficial to help validate current findings and develop further applications.

show abstract

Effects of heel-toe drop on running biomechanics and perceived comfort of rearfoot strikers in standard cushioned running shoes

Cited by 17 publications

References 30 publications

Acute Effects of Heel-to-Toe Drop and Speed on Running Biomechanics and Strike Pattern in Male Recreational Runners: Application of Statistical Nonparametric Mapping in Lower Limb Biomechanics

Acute Effects of Heel-to-Toe Drop and Speed on Running Biomechanics and Strike Pattern in Male Recreational Runners: Application of Statistical Nonparametric Mapping in Lower Limb Biomechanics

Influence of Arch-Support Orthoses with Heel Lift Manipulation on Joint Moments and Forefoot Mechanics in Running

Effects of a Curved Heel Shape in a Running Shoe on Biomechanical Variables and Comfort

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About