Effects of Helicobacter pylori Infection on the Oral Microbiota of Reflux Esophagitis Patients

Abstract

The human oral microbiota plays a vital role in maintaining metabolic homeostasis. To explore the relationship between Helicobacter pylori (Hp) and reflux esophagitis, we collected 86 saliva samples from reflux esophagitis patients (RE group) and 106 saliva samples from healthy people (C group) for a high-throughput sequencing comparison. No difference in alpha diversity was detected between the RE and the C groups, but beta diversity of the RE group was higher than the C group. Bacteroidetes was more abundant in the RE group, whereas Firmicutes was more abundant in the C group. The linear discriminant analysis effect size analysis demonstrated that the biomarkers of the RE group were Prevotella, Veillonella, Leptotrichia, and Actinomyces, and the biomarkers of the C group were Lautropia, Gemella, Rothia, and Streptococcus. The oral microbial network structure of the C group was more complex than that of the RE group. Second, to explore the effect of Hp on the oral microbiota of RE patients, we performed the 14C-urea breath test on 45 of the 86 RE patients. We compared the oral microbiota of 33 Hp-infected reflux esophagitis patients (REHpp group) and 12 non-Hp-infected reflux esophagitis patients (REHpn group). No difference in alpha diversity was observed between the REHpn and REHpp groups, and beta diversity of the REHpp group was significantly lower than that of the REHpn group. The biomarkers in the REHpp group were Veillonella, Haemophilus, Selenomonas, Megasphaera, Oribacterium, Butyrivibrio, and Campylobacter; and the biomarker in the REHpn group was Stomatobaculum. Megasphaera was positively correlated with Veillonella in the microbial network of the REHpp group. The main finding of this study is that RE disturbs the human oral microbiota, such as increased beta diversity. Hp infection may inhibit this disorderly trend.

Relationships Between Diurnal Changes of Tongue Coating Microbiota and Intestinal Microbiota

“…Although there were obvious individual differences in abundance values, the overall abundance showed obvious diurnal abundance changes ( Takayasu et al., 2017 ), which were consistent with our results. Studies had found that oral Bacteroidetes was related to type 2 diabetes mellitus ( Chen et al., 2020 ), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) ( Said et al., 2014 ), reflux esophagitis ( Liang et al., 2021 ), etc. The findings of this study may provide some references for establishing the best microflora therapeutic intervention time for these diseases.…”

Interplay of Lymphocytes with the Intestinal Microbiota in Children with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

“…We used linear discriminant analysis [ 30 ] effect size (LEfSe) methods to identify microbial taxa that differed significantly between groups (LDA score ≥ 2) [ 31 ]. Details of our microbial network construction methods were described previously [ 32 ].…”

Research trends on the relationship between Helicobacter pylori and microbiota: A bibliometric analysis

“…As the samples collected for evaluation varied among different studies, the sequencing results of microbiota composition may differ from each other. Our study showed that saliva and fecal samples were most utilized to analyze oral and gut microbiota 12,34 . Gastric mucosa samples, such as antrum samples and corpus samples, accounted for more than 90% of the studies, which was more commonly used compared with fluid samples 10 …”

“…Our study showed that saliva and fecal samples were most utilized to analyze oral and gut microbiota. 12,34 Gastric mucosa samples, such as antrum samples and corpus samples, accounted for more than 90% of the studies, which was more commonly used compared with fluid samples. 10 Our study has certain limitations.…”