Effects of HEMA on type I collagen protein in human gingival fibroblasts

Falconi, Mirella; Teti, Gabriella; Zago, Michela; Pelotti, Susi; Breschi, Lorenzo; Mazzotti, Giovanni

doi:10.1007/s10565-006-0148-3

Cited by 49 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…The results of this study are in agreement with previous in vitro investigations in which the cytotoxicity of resinous components was evaluated using the MTT assay (7,17). The extracts obtained from the Adper Single Bond 2 adhesive system were capable of reducing cellular viability in macrophages in vitro, ratifying the study of Becher et al (17).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Studies have shown that HEMA and TEGDMA released from resin dental materials have a cytotoxic action (7,17). TEGDMA has been described as being more toxic than HEMA in the MTT assay (17).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…TEGDMA has been described as being more toxic than HEMA in the MTT assay (17). However, Falconi et al (7) warned that low concentrations of HEMA could significantly alter the morphology of cells, such as human gingival fibroblasts. This information is important for our experiment because SB contains HEMA and dimethacrylate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated that the cytotoxic effects of these systems depend on the amount of unreacted resin monomers, which can be influenced by various factors (3,7), including the degree of conversion, which represents the number of double carbon bonds consumed during the chemical reaction (8,9). Even under sufficient light intensity, an amount of residual monomer can be recorded (10).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The potential cell damage caused by monomers and other constituents of adhesive systems (7,13,14) may vary from one material to another due to the differences in chemical composition, producing various effects on pulpal tissue (14). Therefore, it is necessary to assess the degree of cellular damage caused by these agents.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In vitro potential cytotoxicity of an adhesive system to alveolar macrophages

et al. 2009

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential cytotoxicity of Adper Single Bond 2 (SB) simplified etch-and-rinse adhesive system in alveolar macrophage cultures, as a function of the post-polymerization time and duration of immersion in the culture medium for preparation of extracts, by observing the levels of nitric oxide (NO) release and cell survival rate (MTT assay). Wistar rat alveolar macrophages were exposed to 200 µL of extracts obtained from 24-or 72-h immersion of adhesive samples in culture medium (RPMI), immediately or 24 h after polymerization. Fresh RPMI and E. coli lipopolysaccharides were used as negative and positive controls, respectively. The cells were placed in a humidified incubator for 24 h. The results were analyzed by the Student's-t test (α=5%). The amount of NO produced and viable cells were significantly different (p<0.05) between the experimental and the control groups, showing that, irrespective of the post-polymerization time and duration of immersion in the culture medium, the adhesive system caused intense cytotoxicity to the macrophages. The cytotoxic effects were not statistically different (p<0.05) among the experimental groups. In conclusion, chemical components released from SB in aqueous environment were highly toxic to cell culture and thus an inflammatory pulpal response should be considered during the clinical application of dental adhesives.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Studies have shown that HEMA and TEGDMA released from resin dental materials have a cytotoxic action (7,17). TEGDMA has been described as being more toxic than HEMA in the MTT assay (17).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In vitro potential cytotoxicity of an adhesive system to alveolar macrophages

et al. 2009

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HEMA down‐regulates procollagen α1 type I in human gingival fibroblasts

Teti

Mazzotti

Zago

et al. 2008

J Biomedical Materials Res

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2-Hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) can be released from restorative materials and diffused into the tooth pulp over long periods of time. Although cytotoxicity due to high concentrations of monomers has been well studied, little is known about the risk of chronic toxicity resulting from low concentrations. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effects of a minor toxic concentration of HEMA in the synthesis and expression of procollagen alpha1 type I produced by human gingival fibroblasts (HGF). HGF were exposed to 3 mM HEMA from 24 to 96 h. An MTT assay was performed to evaluate cell viability while reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR), and Western-blot analysis were carried out to evaluate the variability in the expression and synthesis of procollagen alpha1. Immunofluorescence was performed to detect the protein inside the cells. The results showed that there was a strong reduction of procollagen alpha 1 type I expression at 72 and 96 h. These findings demonstrate that, even if it does not reduce cell viability, 3 mM HEMA interferes both with the synthesis of the procollagen alpha 1 type I protein and its mRNA expression, suggesting that normal cell production and activity are modified by HEMA at concentrations below those which cause acute cytotoxicity.

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Human gingival fibroblasts stress response to HEMA: A role for protein kinase C α

Cataldi

Zara

Rapino

et al. 2012

J Biomedical Materials Res

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2-Hydroxyethil methacrylate (HEMA), component of dentin-bonding systems, by diffusing into oral cavity induces a cytotoxic response. HEMA determines reactive oxygen species (ROS) production activating specific signaling pathways, including protein kinases C (PKC). In addition, since a regulation is exerted by various PKCs on nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activation, our aim was to investigate the role of PKCs and the possible interplay with ROS and NO signaling system in human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) response to HEMA. Cultured HGFs were exposed to 3 mM (a subtoxic concentration) HEMA for 0, 24, or 96 h. Each experimental point were processed for flow cytometry, fluorescence microscopy, western blotting, and "in vitro" NOS specific activity analyses. Three millimolar HEMA reduces HGF proliferation less than 50% and increases apoptosis percentage up to 18%. Both ROS production and PKC α expression and activation are also increased 96 h after HEMA exposure. The increased specific activity of iNOS, inflammatory enzyme, accompanied by Bax high expression in HGF response to 96 h HEMA, document the occurrence of an inflammatory and apoptotic response to such agent. Interestingly, a reduced percentage of apoptotic cells and a reduced ROS production are evidenced in the presence of bisindolylmaleide VIII, a PKC α pharmacologic inhibitor. All in all, these results suggest that PKC α can mediate the inflammatory response disclosed by gingival fibroblasts to HEMA released monomers.

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Effects of HEMA on type I collagen protein in human gingival fibroblasts

Cited by 49 publications

References 47 publications

In vitro potential cytotoxicity of an adhesive system to alveolar macrophages

In vitro potential cytotoxicity of an adhesive system to alveolar macrophages

HEMA down‐regulates procollagen α1 type I in human gingival fibroblasts

Human gingival fibroblasts stress response to HEMA: A role for protein kinase C α

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