Effects of herbaceous and woody plant control on Pinus palustris growth and foliar nutrients through six growing seasons

Nursery response of container Pinus palustris seedlings to nitrogen supply and subsequent effects on outplanting performance

“…Although this difference could be a function of seed source, the 2004 crop was outplanted into soil with much better initial soil moisture than the 2005 crop as reflected by the PDSI data. Using Haywood's (2005Haywood's ( , 2007 application of Palmer's (1965) PDSI yields, in our opinion, a better qualification of site moisture than mere observations of precipitation; use of the PDSI technique could allow for better comparisons across studies, especially those that also span multiple years. Field performance may also have been influenced by the March 2007 wildfire.…”

“…Outplanted longleaf pine seedlings are fairly resilient in terms of survival regardless of site preparation (Haywood, 2000(Haywood, , 2005Ramsey et al, 2003;Ramsey and Jose, 2004;Knapp et al, 2006). Therefore, research focuses on reducing residence time in the grass stage by applying weed control, including mulching, herbicides, controlled burning, and fertilization.…”

“…Therefore, research focuses on reducing residence time in the grass stage by applying weed control, including mulching, herbicides, controlled burning, and fertilization. Herbaceous competition has long been known to lengthen the grass stage (Pessin and Chapman, 1944), so its control aids in reducing residence time Haywood, 2005). Conversely, fertilization with N and/or phosphorus has been neutral or detrimental in effect, usually attributed to enhanced growth of the competition (Derr, 1957;Bengston, 1976;Ramsey et al, 2003).…”

“…Haywood 2005), that is, seedlings begin stem elongation during their second season in the field. Rarely, however, is seedling quality considered in postplanting treatment application or data interpretation.…”

The role of herbicide in savanna restoration: Effects of shrub reduction treatments on the understory and overstory of a longleaf pine flatwoods

“…These tank mixes are used to achieve broader spectrum control, but as a result they may also have more negative implications for native plant communities (Keyser and Ford, 2006). Sulfometuron methyl and hexazinone are effective as overthe-top pine release applications on longleaf pine seedlings (Haywood, 2000(Haywood, , 2005Ramsey and Jose, 2004), but effects of a mixed application on longleaf seedlings or on the understory of a natural flatwoods system have not been studied.…”