Effects of herbicide applications in wheat fields

Varshney, S. K.; Hayat, Shamsul; Alyemeni, Mohammed Nasser; Ahmad, Aqil

doi:10.4161/psb.19689

Cited by 45 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…An understanding of herbicides is essential for their successful application to ultimately lead to a reduction in weed populations under CA. For example, the application of a contact herbicide is not as effective when controlling weeds that propagate through rhizomes with a stoloniferous growth habit, such as couch grass (Cynodon dactylon L), since contact between herbicide and underground rhizomes is limited (Varshney et al 2012).…”

Section: Weed Management and Their Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complementary practices supporting conservation agriculture in southern Africa. A review

Thierfelder¹,

Baudron²,

Setimela³

et al. 2018

Agron. Sustain. Dev.

125

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Conservation agriculture (CA)-the simultaneous application of minimum soil disturbance, crop residue retention, and crop diversification-is a key approach to address declining soil fertility and the adverse effects of climate change in southern Africa. Applying the three defining principles of CA alone, however, is often not enough, and complementary practices and enablers are required to make CA systems more functional for smallholder farmers in the short and longer term. Here, we review 11 complementary practices and enablers grouped under six topical areas to highlight their critical need for functional CA systems, namely: (1) appropriate nutrient management to increase productivity and biomass; (2) improved stress-tolerant varieties to overcome biotic and abiotic stresses; (3) judicious use of crop chemicals to surmount pest, diseases, and weed pressure; (4) enhanced groundcover with alternative organic resources or diversification with green manures and agroforestry; (5) increased efficiency of planting and mechanization to reduce labor, facilitate timely planting, and to provide farm power for seeding; and (6) an enabling political environment and more harmonized and innovative extension approaches to streamline and foster CA promotional efforts. We found that (1) all 11 complementary practices and enablers substantially enhance the functioning of CA systems and some (e.g., appropriate nutrient management) are critically needed to close yield gaps; (2) practices and enablers must be tailored to the local farmer contexts; and (3) CA systems should either be implemented in a sequential approach, or initially at a small scale and grow from there, in order to increase feasibility for smallholder farmers. This review provides a comprehensive overview of practices and enablers that are required to improve the productivity, profitability, and feasibility of CA systems. Addressing these in southern Africa is expected to stimulate the adoption of CA by smallholders, with positive outcomes for soil health and resilience to climate change.

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Section: Weed Management and Their Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complementary practices supporting conservation agriculture in southern Africa. A review

Thierfelder¹,

Baudron²,

Setimela³

et al. 2018

Agron. Sustain. Dev.

125

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Herbicides are classified based upon different aspects, such as mode of action, site of action, chemical families, time of application, selectivity, translocation, etc. [24][25][26]. It is important to note here that even a particular herbicide-resistant weed could be susceptible to a specific herbicide provided the amount and the rate of application are appropriate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Glyphosate, however, has been used worldwide as a nonselective herbicide, but it acts more selectively when used in association with genetically engineered crops, which have been developed for resistance against glyphosate [21,32,33]. The selectivity or nonselectivity of herbicides depends upon various factors, such as plant physi-ology, soil topography, environment, timing of application, rate of application, and application technique [26]. The classification of herbicides is equally important for managing and understanding herbicide resistance, which continues to be a problem in sustainable agricultural management [24,25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modes of Action of Different Classes of Herbicides

Sherwani¹,

Arif²,

Khan³

2015

Herbicides, Physiology of Action, and Safety

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The mode of action of herbicides is important for understanding the management, classification, organization, and hierarchy of the herbicides. It also provides an insight into herbicide resistance, which continues to be a problem in sustainable agricultural management. The overuse of herbicides, just like other pesticides such as insecticides, has led to increased development of resistance among weeds, causing injury and destruction of useful plants in agriculture, land management, and other related industries. This chapter focuses on the main theme while providing in-depth analysis of the different modes of action of various classes of herbicides. The modes of action of herbicides are as variable as their chemical compositions as they focus on controlling susceptible plants through various biochemical means. Depending upon the specific mode of action at work, it may involve a plant enzyme or a biological system that the herbicide may interrupt, thus injuring or disrupting the regular plant growth and development and causing eventual plant death. Having an in-depth knowledge of the mode of action of herbicides is important in choosing a specific herbicide for a specific crop, understanding the injury symptoms, and devising an appropriate crop-management strategy.

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“…Phytotoxic effects include reduction in plant height, root length, nodulation (in legumes) (Singh and Wright, 1999;Drew et al, 2007;García-Garijo et al, 2014), carotenoid, chlorophyll content, and grain protein concentration (in cereals) (Mitra and Raghu, 1998). Moreover herbicides also have potential to induce oxidative stress leading to leave withering of crop plants (Varshney et al, 2012). Due to environment-friendly and sustainable approach, crop allelopathy is gaining attention of the weed researchers worldwide (Fragasso et al, 2013;Jabran et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Herbicidal Potential of Some Dry Land Plants Against Lathyrus aphaca (L.), Winter Season Weed

et al. 2020

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Dry land plants owing to their capability to grow under stressful environment have shown higher allelopathic potential as compared to cultivated plants. An experiment was conducted to investigate the herbicidal potential of aqueous extracts of four dry land plants viz. fruit and vine of Citrullus colocynthis, and above ground parts of Rhazya stricta; Crotalaria burhia and Calligonum polygonoides, with four concentrations (25, 50, 75 and 100%) of initially prepared extracts against Lathyrus aphaca, a common weed of wheat in the studied region. These plants were collected from dry land area (30.03° N and 70.38° E, 129 m above sea level, almost desert conditions) of Dera Ghazi Khan, Punjab, Pakistan. All the four plants exhibited pronounced herbicidal potential with 9 to 91% suppression of different parameters in L. aphaca). Maximum inhibition was recorded in germination (36-91%). Significant suppression in leaf count (9-65%), shoot length (12-59%), root length (4-62%), shoot fresh weight (17-71%), root fresh weight (10-60%), shoot dry weight (15-72%), root dry weight (13-64%), and nodule numbers (34-89%) was also observed. The highest inhibition was exhibited by R. stricta followed by C. colocynthis: fruit. However, in case of nodulation maximum suppression was produced by C. burhia extract. Least suppressant activity was observed for the C. polygonides extract. These results encourage the potential use of locally available dry land plants possessing strong allelochemical properties for nonchemical control of weeds ultimately reducing reliance on chemical control.

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Effects of herbicide applications in wheat fields

Cited by 45 publications

References 45 publications

Complementary practices supporting conservation agriculture in southern Africa. A review

Complementary practices supporting conservation agriculture in southern Africa. A review

Modes of Action of Different Classes of Herbicides

Herbicidal Potential of Some Dry Land Plants Against Lathyrus aphaca (L.), Winter Season Weed

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