Effects of HF-rTMS over the left and right DLPFC on proactive and reactive cognitive control

Pulopulos, Matías M.; Allaert, Jens; Vanderhasselt, Marie‐Anne; Sánchez-López, Álvaro; Witte, Sara De; Baeken, Chris; Raedt, Rudi De

doi:10.1093/scan/nsaa082

Cited by 32 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…Among working memory, verbal memory is measured by typical retention tasks such as forward and backward digit span tests (58). Our results on digit span score improvements in the right DLPFC-treated group are consistent with previous findings that reported activation in the right DLPFC rather than in the left DLPFC in verbal episodic retrieval (59)(60)(61). In a more recent study, a neural mechanism involving the DLPFC in proactive and reactive control as a key regulator was suggested with a more specific role of the left DLPFC in proactive control and the implication of the right DLPFC in reactive control related to retrieval of verbal information (59).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Our results on digit span score improvements in the right DLPFC-treated group are consistent with previous findings that reported activation in the right DLPFC rather than in the left DLPFC in verbal episodic retrieval (59)(60)(61). In a more recent study, a neural mechanism involving the DLPFC in proactive and reactive control as a key regulator was suggested with a more specific role of the left DLPFC in proactive control and the implication of the right DLPFC in reactive control related to retrieval of verbal information (59). Our results of increments in MMSE subscores, registration and recall progression only by right DLPFC rTMS treatment are consistent with previous research about the right DLPFC, which is responsible for verbal retrieval and short-term memory such as reactive control.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

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Effect of Cognition Recovery by Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Ipsilesional Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex in Subacute Stroke Patients

et al. 2022

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ObjectiveTo demonstrate the efficacy of high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) over the ipsilesional dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) on neurological recovery in patients with subacute phase stroke.MethodsPatients with supratentorial hemispheric stroke who were hospitalized for intensive rehabilitation in the subacute phase were enrolled for this retrospective analysis. Two groups of patients were selected: the rTMS group who received high-frequency (20 Hz) rTMS ≥ 5 times over the ipsilesional DLPFC, and a control group who did not receive any rTMS. The patients were further divided into groups with right- or left-side brain lesions. Functional measurements for cognitive ability, mood, speech, and activities of daily living, which were assessed at baseline and at the 1-month follow-up as a routine clinical practice, were used for analyses.ResultsAmong 270 patients with available clinical data, 133 (women, 51; age, 61.0 ± 13.8 years) met the inclusion criteria and were enrolled for analysis. There were no differences in demographic data and functional scores at baseline between the rTMS (n = 49) and control (n = 84) groups. The rTMS group showed a higher gain in the mini-mental status examination (MMSE) total score and subscores of all domains, forward digit span, and FIM-cognition than the control group (P < 0.05). Among the patients with left hemispheric lesions (n = 57), the rTMS group showed better outcomes in cognition and depression through scores of total and “attention and concentration” subscores of MMSE, FIM-cognition, and the geriatric depression scale (P < 0.05). Among the patients with right hemispheric lesions (n = 76), the rTMS group showed better outcomes in cognition through the MMSE total score and subscores of “attention and concentration,” “registration,” and “recall,” and scores of both forward and backward digit spans (P < 0.05).ConclusionHigh-frequency rTMS over the ipsilesional DLPFC has beneficial effects on the recovery of cognition on both sides as well as mood in patients with left-sided hemispheric lesions.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Effect of Cognition Recovery by Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Ipsilesional Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex in Subacute Stroke Patients

et al. 2022

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“…Possibly, in the current study, tDCS could have promoted the employment of a general and sustained attentional strategy to a broader context of social evaluative threat, instead of trial-by-trial adjustments based on valence. Such reasoning would be consistent with research showing that neuro-stimulation of the DLPFC contributed to sustained cognitive resource allocation (Pulopulos et al, 2020), and the DLPFC and associated neural networks being implicated in the implementation of proactive regulatory mechanisms (Vanderhasselt et al, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Prefrontal tDCS Attenuates Self-Referential Attentional Deployment: A Mechanism Underlying Adaptive Emotional Reactivity to Social-Evaluative Threat

Allaert

Erdogan

Sánchez-López

et al. 2021

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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Social-evaluative threat (SET) – a situation in which one could be negatively evaluated by others – elicits profound (psycho)physiological reactivity which, if chronically present and not adaptively regulated, has deleterious effects on mental and physical health. Decreased self-awareness and increased other-awareness are understood to be an adaptive response to SET. Attentional deployment – the process of selectively attending to certain aspects of emotional stimuli to modulate emotional reactivity – is supported by fronto-parietal and fronto-limbic networks, with the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex being a central hub. The primary aim of the current study was to investigate the effects of active (versus sham) prefrontal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on self and other-attentional deployment during the exposure to a SET context. Seventy-four female participants received active or sham tDCS and were subsequently exposed to a rigged social feedback paradigm. In this paradigm a series of social evaluations were presented together with a photograph of the supposed evaluator and a self- photograph of the participant, while gaze behavior (time to first fixation, total fixation time) and skin conductance responses (SCRs; a marker of emotional reactivity) were measured. For half of the evaluations, participants could anticipate the valence (negative or positive) of the evaluation a priori. Analyses showed that participants receiving active tDCS were (a) slower to fixate on their self-photograph, (b) spent less time fixating on their self-photograph, and (c) spent more time fixating on the evaluator photograph. During unanticipated evaluations, active tDCS was associated with less time spent fixating on the evaluation. Furthermore, among those receiving active tDCS, SCRs were attenuated as a function of slower times to fixate on the self-photograph. Taken together, these results suggest that in a context of SET, prefrontal tDCS decreases self-attention while increasing other-attention, and that attenuated self-referential attention specifically may be a neurocognitive mechanism through which tDCS reduces emotional reactivity. Moreover, the results suggest that tDCS reduces vigilance toward stimuli that possibly convey threatening information, corroborating past research in this area.

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“…One possible interpretation, in light of the dual mode of control (DMC) framework (Braver, 2012), is that this area promotes the proactive mode of control and the active engagement with the task (detection of audiovisual incongruence) while the unisensory task-irrelevant auditory deviant forces a shift to a reactive mode. Indeed, in a recent rTMS study, the left DLPFC was found to be associated with the proactive mode of control (Pulopulos et al, 2020). The area is thought to hold representations of active goal information and is part of a network involved in the proactive mode, along with pre-SMA and parietal areas (Irlbacher et al, 2014).…”

Section: Dlpfc and Top-down Controlmentioning

confidence: 98%

Computerized Music-Reading Intervention Improves Resistance to Unisensory Distraction Within a Multisensory Task, in Young and Older Adults

Karagiorgis

Chalas

Karagianni

et al. 2021

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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Incoming information from multiple sensory channels compete for attention. Processing the relevant ones and ignoring distractors, while at the same time monitoring the environment for potential threats, is crucial for survival, throughout the lifespan. However, sensory and cognitive mechanisms often decline in aging populations, making them more susceptible to distraction. Previous interventions in older adults have successfully improved resistance to distraction, but the inclusion of multisensory integration, with its unique properties in attentional capture, in the training protocol is underexplored. Here, we studied whether, and how, a 4-week intervention, which targets audiovisual integration, affects the ability to deal with task-irrelevant unisensory deviants within a multisensory task. Musically naïve participants engaged in a computerized music reading game and were asked to detect audiovisual incongruences between the pitch of a song’s melody and the position of a disk on the screen, similar to a simplistic music staff. The effects of the intervention were evaluated via behavioral and EEG measurements in young and older adults. Behavioral findings include the absence of age-related differences in distraction and the indirect improvement of performance due to the intervention, seen as an amelioration of response bias. An asymmetry between the effects of auditory and visual deviants was identified and attributed to modality dominance. The electroencephalographic results showed that both groups shared an increase in activation strength after training, when processing auditory deviants, located in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. A functional connectivity analysis revealed that only young adults improved flow of information, in a network comprised of a fronto-parietal subnetwork and a multisensory temporal area. Overall, both behavioral measures and neurophysiological findings suggest that the intervention was indirectly successful, driving a shift in response strategy in the cognitive domain and higher-level or multisensory brain areas, and leaving lower level unisensory processing unaffected.

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Effects of HF-rTMS over the left and right DLPFC on proactive and reactive cognitive control

Cited by 32 publications

References 73 publications

Effect of Cognition Recovery by Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Ipsilesional Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex in Subacute Stroke Patients

Effect of Cognition Recovery by Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Ipsilesional Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex in Subacute Stroke Patients

Prefrontal tDCS Attenuates Self-Referential Attentional Deployment: A Mechanism Underlying Adaptive Emotional Reactivity to Social-Evaluative Threat

Computerized Music-Reading Intervention Improves Resistance to Unisensory Distraction Within a Multisensory Task, in Young and Older Adults

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