Effects of High Ambient Temperature on Various Stages of Rabies Virus Infection in Mice

Abstract

Effects of high ambient temperatures on various stages of rabies virus infection have been studied. Ambient temperature increased within the tolerated range was found to have little effect upon body temperature of normal mice, but caused marked elevation of temperature during illness. Temperatures at onset of patent illness in mice were lower than normal. Increased body temperature in the higher thermic ambience during the incubation period was associated with decreased mortality and frequent abortive infections. Exposure to high ambient temperature late in the incubation period delayed onset of illness, decreased mortality, and increased frequency of abortive infections, but exposure to high ambient temperature after onset of patent illness did not affect the course of the disease.

Effects of ambient temperatures on clinical and immune responses of pigs infected with transmissible gastro-enteritis virus

“…There are many reports dealing with effects of ambient temperatures on the pathogenesis of various virus diseases (Boring et al, 1956;Marshal, 1959;Carmichael et al, 1969;Lycke et al, 1971;Bell and Moore, 1974;Kiorpes and Yuill, 1975;Bell et ah, 1977). Lower temperatures usually intensified the severity of the particular disease, whereas higher temperatures often resulted in an increased resistance to the clinical syndrome.…”

“…The elevated body temperature may directly inhibit intracellular replication of virus, or may induce abortive infection. In rabies virus infection of mice (Bell and Moore, 1974) and canine herpesvirus infection of puppies (Carmichael et al, 1969), resistance of animals to infection was associated with an elevated body temperature. It remains obscure, however, whether resistance induced by elevated body temperatures results from direct effects on viruses, or from indirect effects through protective responses of the host.…”

Unstressing intemperate models: how cold stress undermines mouse modeling

“…Studies dating back at least to the 1940s indicate that ambient temperature profoundly alters the course of infection in diverse rodent models. In models of bacterial ( Salmonella typhimurium , Staphylococcus aureus , Klebsiella pneumonia , and Rickettsia typhi ), viral (influenza virus, herpes simplex virus, and rabies virus), and protozoal ( Trypanosoma cruzi ) infection, ambient temperature directly correlates with host responsiveness—lower temperatures leading to impaired immune responses (Moragues and Pinkerton, 1944; Miraglia and Berry, 1962; Previte and Berry, 1962; Underwood et al, 1966; Amrein, 1967; Baetjer, 1968; Previte et al, 1970; Won and Ross, 1971; Bell and Moore, 1974; Jiang et al, 2000; Rice et al, 2005). These effects can be dramatic: in experimental murine typhus, weather-associated changes in ambient laboratory temperature (from 29.4–36.6 to 18.3–22.8°C) shifted mortality rates from 9 to 100% (Moragues and Pinkerton, 1944).…”

Effect of ambient temperatures on multiplication of attenuated transmissible gastroenteritis virus in the bodies of newborn piglets

“…Adverse ambient temperatures are known to influence the pathogenesis of several viral diseases (1,3,8). A rise in temperature above the level of the normal temperature often results in an increase of resistance to viral infection.…”